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Lesiones laborales fatales en los Estados Unidos, 1980 a 1985
C A Bell1, N A Stout, T R Bender
1Division of Safety Research, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WVa 26505-2888.
JAMA
|June 13, 1990
Resumen
Las muertes en el lugar de trabajo en los EE.UU. promediaron 7.000 al año desde 1980-1985, con los hombres, los trabajadores mayores y los de la minería / transporte que enfrentan los mayores riesgos. Las tasas generales de mortalidad laboral traumática disminuyeron en un 23% durante este período.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Salud ocupacional y salud en el trabajo.
- Vigilancia de la salud pública.
- Epidemiología de lesiones Epidemiología de lesiones
Sus antecedentes:
- El proyecto de vigilancia Nacional de Fatalidad Ocupacional Traumática (NTOF) se estableció para recopilar datos sobre muertes relacionadas con el trabajo en los Estados Unidos.
- Desde 1980-1985, aproximadamente 7.000 trabajadores murieron anualmente por lesiones profesionales traumáticas.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para analizar los datos demográficos, de empleo y de lesiones de los certificados de defunción de los trabajadores estadounidenses.
- Identificar grupos e industrias de alto riesgo para las muertes profesionales.
- Para rastrear las tendencias en las tasas de mortalidad laboral traumática.
Principales métodos:
- Datos recopilados de los certificados de defunción para todas las muertes por accidentes laborales traumáticos en los EE.UU. desde 1980-1985.
- Análisis de factores demográficos (edad, sexo, raza), información de empleo y causa de muerte (lesiones no intencionales, homicidio).
- Cálculo de las tasas de mortalidad por industria y grupos demográficos.
Principales resultados:
- Los hombres constituyeron el 94% de las muertes, siendo las lesiones no intencionales la causa principal (83%).
- El homicidio fue una causa significativa de muerte para las mujeres (39%).
- Las tasas de mortalidad fueron más altas en las industrias mineras, transporte, construcción y agricultura.
- Mientras que los grupos de edad más jóvenes tuvieron más muertes, los trabajadores mayores (70+) tuvieron las tasas de mortalidad más altas.
- Las tasas anuales de mortalidad laboral traumática disminuyeron un 23% entre 1980 y 1985.
Conclusiones:
- Las muertes profesionales afectaron desproporcionadamente a los hombres y a industrias específicas de alto riesgo.
- Existieron diferencias significativas en las causas de muerte entre hombres y mujeres.
- Se necesitan intervenciones específicas para ocupaciones y grupos demográficos de alto riesgo.
- La disminución observada en las tasas de mortalidad sugiere la efectividad de las iniciativas de seguridad.
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