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Los microbios y las respuestas inmunes mucosas en el asma
Trevor T Hansel1, Sebastian L Johnston, Peter J Openshaw
1National Heart and Lung Institute, Centre for Respiratory Infection, MRC, London, UK. t.hansel@imperial.ac.uk
Lancet (London, England)
|February 23, 2013
Resumen
El microbioma influye en la homeostasis inmune y el desarrollo del asma. Comprender las interacciones microbianas con la mucosa respiratoria ofrece nuevas vías para tratamientos personalizados del asma.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Inmunología Inmunología.
- Microbiología Microbiología.
- Pulmonología Pulmonología.
Sus antecedentes:
- El aumento de las tasas mundiales de asma y atopia vinculadas a la reducción de la exposición bacteriana.
- El microbioma mantiene la homeostasis inmune, influyendo en las respuestas a los patógenos.
- Los virus respiratorios y los alérgenos pueden desencadenar o empeorar el asma.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Proponer una teoría unificada sobre cómo los microbios inducen la inflamación de la mucosa en el asma.
- Explorar el papel de la exposición microbiana en el desarrollo y la exacerbación del asma.
- Identificar objetivos potenciales para nuevas terapias personalizadas para el asma.
Principales métodos:
- Investigar los sistemas de detección innatos del huésped.
- Utilizando métodos avanzados para caracterizar las exposiciones microbianas.
- Analizar las interacciones entre las células epiteliales, las células dendríticas y los linfocitos en la mucosa respiratoria.
Principales resultados:
- Las respuestas inmunes innatas involucran receptores de reconocimiento de patrones y patrones moleculares asociados a patógenos.
- Estas interacciones desencadenan interferones de tipo I, citoquinas y respuestas T-helper-2 en individuos susceptibles.
- Los distintos fenotipos de asma se explican por estas respuestas inmunes coordinadas.
Conclusiones:
- La exposición microbiana es fundamental para la "marcha atópica" y las exacerbaciones del asma.
- Se justifican nuevos tratamientos dirigidos a las interacciones microbianas con el huésped.
- Los biomarcadores del huésped podrían permitir el manejo personalizado del asma.
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