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Patrones globales de la profundidad del nivel freático de las aguas subterráneas

Y Fan¹, H Li, G Miguez-Macho

¹Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08854, USA. yingfan@rci.rutgers.edu

Science (New York, N.Y.)

|February 23, 2013

Resumen

Las aguas subterráneas poco profundas son vitales para los ecosistemas terrestres globales, ya que soportan el 22-32% de la superficie terrestre. Comprender la profundidad del nivel freático es clave para la salud del ecosistema y la gestión de los recursos hídricos.

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Área de la Ciencia:

Ciencias de la Tierra Ciencias de la Tierra Ciencias de la Tierra
Ecología Ecología Ecología.
Hidrología Hidrología Hidrología.

Sus antecedentes:

Las aguas subterráneas poco profundas sostienen los ecosistemas terrestres manteniendo el flujo de la base del río y la humedad del suelo de la zona de raíz.
Los patrones globales de la profundidad del nivel freático y su importancia ecológica siguen siendo poco conocidos.

Objetivo del estudio:

Para mapear los patrones de profundidad de las capas freáticas globales.
Identificar áreas donde las aguas subterráneas poco profundas apoyan críticamente los ecosistemas terrestres.

Principales métodos:

Compilado observaciones de profundidad del nivel freático global de los archivos y la literatura gubernamentales.
Utilizó un modelo de agua subterránea impulsado por datos climáticos, del terreno y del nivel del mar para inferir patrones y llenar vacíos de datos.

Principales resultados:

Las aguas subterráneas poco profundas influyen en el 22-32% de la superficie terrestre mundial.
Aproximadamente el 15% de la tierra presenta aguas superficiales alimentadas con agua subterránea, mientras que el 7-17% tiene el nivel freático dentro de las profundidades de enraizamiento de las plantas.
Los patrones de profundidad del nivel freático se correlacionan con la distribución global de los humedales y los gradientes de vegetación regional / local.

Conclusiones:

Las aguas subterráneas poco profundas juegan un papel crucial en el apoyo a los ecosistemas terrestres globales.
El mapeo de la profundidad del nivel freático es esencial para comprender la función del ecosistema y la disponibilidad de recursos hídricos.