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Un anillo de almacenamiento de electrones relativista de larga duración incrustado en el cinturón exterior de Van

D N Baker¹, S G Kanekal, V C Hoxie

¹Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA. daniel.baker@lasp.colorado.edu

Science (New York, N.Y.)

|March 2, 2013

Resumen

Los científicos descubrieron un tercer cinturón de radiación aislado de electrones energéticos en la magnetosfera de la Tierra. Esta zona previamente desconocida persistió durante semanas antes de que un evento solar la aniquilara, desafiando los modelos existentes de los cinturones de Van Allen.

Área de la Ciencia:

Física del plasma es la física del plasma.
Física del espacio Física del espacio
La astrofísica es la astrofísica.

Sus antecedentes:

Los cinturones de radiación Van Allen de la Tierra tradicionalmente comprenden dos zonas distintas de partículas cargadas y energéticas atrapadas.
La zona interior contiene electrones e iones estables de alta energía, mientras que la zona exterior presenta electrones MeV influenciados por la actividad del viento solar.

Objetivo del estudio:

Para investigar la estructura y la dinámica de los cinturones de radiación de Van Allen de la Tierra.
Para identificar y caracterizar cualquier población de partículas no observadas previamente o zonas dentro de los cinturones.

Principales métodos:

Utilizando observaciones de naves espaciales in situ, específicas de energía y temporalmente resueltas.
Analizar datos de partículas dentro del rango radial geocéntrico de 3.0 a ~ 3.5 radios de la Tierra.

Principales resultados:

Descubrimiento de un tercer cinturón de radiación aislado, o toro, de electrones de alta energía (>2 MeV).
Esta tercera zona se formó el 2 de septiembre de 2012 y persistió durante más de cuatro semanas.
El anillo de electrones recién descubierto fue prácticamente aniquilado por una poderosa onda de choque interplanetaria.

Conclusiones:

La existencia de un tercer cinturón de radiación transitorio desafía el modelo establecido de dos zonas de los cinturones de Van Allen.
Las poblaciones de electrones energéticos en la magnetosfera pueden formar estructuras distintas y aisladas.
Las ondas de choque interplanetarias pueden alterar significativamente y rápidamente la dinámica de los cinturones de radiación de la Tierra.

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