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Fumar, cirugía y riesgo de tromboembolismo venoso en mujeres: estudio de cohorte del Reino Unido
Siân Sweetland1, Lianne Parkin, Angela Balkwill
1Cancer Epidemiology Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom. sian.sweetland@ceu.ox.ac.uk
Circulation
|March 14, 2013
Resumen
Fumar aumenta el riesgo de tromboembolismo venoso (TEV) en las mujeres, tanto en general como después de la cirugía. Los fumadores actuales se enfrentan a una mayor incidencia de TEV en comparación con los que nunca han fumado, destacando el tabaquismo como un factor de riesgo clave.
Área de la Ciencia:
- La investigación médica es la investigación médica.
- Epidemiología La epidemiología.
- Salud pública La salud pública.
Sus antecedentes:
- Existen pruebas limitadas e inconsistentes sobre el impacto del tabaquismo en el riesgo de tromboembolismo venoso (TEV).
- El efecto del tabaquismo en la TEV, particularmente en el período postoperatorio, requiere más investigación.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Examinar la incidencia de TEV en relación con los hábitos de fumar.
- Para evaluar el riesgo de TEV en ausencia de cirugía y durante las primeras 12 semanas postoperatorias.
Principales métodos:
- Un estudio prospectivo a gran escala que involucró a más de 1 millón de mujeres en el Reino Unido.
- Seguimiento durante 6 años para registrar los ingresos hospitalarios o muertes por TEV.
- Análisis de la incidencia de TEV basado en el estado de tabaquismo (actualmente versus nunca fumadores) y la intensidad del tabaquismo.
Principales resultados:
- Los fumadores actuales tenían una incidencia de TEV significativamente más alta que los no fumadores (riesgo relativo ajustado 1.38).
- El riesgo de TEV aumentó con la intensidad del tabaquismo (≥15 cigarrillos/día vs. <15 cigarrillos/día).
- La incidencia de TEV postoperatoria en las primeras 12 semanas también fue significativamente mayor en fumadores actuales.
Conclusiones:
- Fumar está asociado con un aumento de la incidencia de TEV, independientemente del estado quirúrgico.
- Los hallazgos subrayan la importancia de considerar el tabaquismo como un factor de riesgo significativo en la evaluación de TEV, especialmente para los pacientes quirúrgicos.
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