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Las raíces y los hongos asociados impulsan el secuestro de carbono a largo plazo en el bosque boreal
K E Clemmensen1, A Bahr, O Ovaskainen
1Department of Forest Mycology and Plant Pathology, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden. karina.clemmensen@slu.se
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|March 30, 2013
Resumen
Los suelos de los bosques boreales almacenan carbono significativo, principalmente de las raíces y los microbios asociados, no solo de la basura vegetal. Este hallazgo desafía los puntos de vista tradicionales sobre el ciclo del carbono en los bosques y la acumulación de materia orgánica.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Ecología Ecología Ecología.
- Ciencias del suelo Ciencias del suelo.
- Biogeoquímica La biogeoquímica es la bioquímica.
Sus antecedentes:
- Los suelos de los bosques boreales son sumideros críticos de carbono.
- La basura vegetal por encima del suelo se considera tradicionalmente la principal fuente de materia orgánica del suelo.
- Comprender los mecanismos de acumulación de carbono es vital para la investigación global del ciclo del carbono.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar las fuentes primarias de materia orgánica del suelo en los bosques boreales.
- Explorar el papel de las raíces y los microorganismos asociados en el almacenamiento de carbono.
- Examinar cómo las comunidades de hongos influyen en la dinámica del carbono durante la sucesión forestal.
Principales métodos:
- Utilizó el modelado bomba-carbono de radiocarbono (14C) para rastrear las fuentes de carbono.
- Biomarcadores fúngicos analizados para evaluar la degradación y preservación de los residuos.
- Empleado 454 pirosecuenciación y análisis de isótopos estables para identificar roles microbianos.
Principales resultados:
- El 50-70% del carbono almacenado en el suelo proviene de las raíces y los microbios asociados a las raíces.
- Los biomarcadores de hongos sugieren una reducción de la degradación y la preservación de los residuos en los bosques sucesivos posteriores.
- Los hongos asociados a las raíces se identifican como reguladores clave de la dinámica del carbono del ecosistema.
Conclusiones:
- La materia orgánica derivada de las raíces juega un papel dominante en la acumulación de carbono en el suelo del bosque boreal.
- La sucesión forestal impacta la actividad fúngica, afectando la preservación del carbono.
- Se propone un mecanismo alternativo para la acumulación de materia orgánica en los bosques boreales, impulsado por las contribuciones de las raíces.
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