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Videos de Conceptos Relacionados

Genomic DNA in Prokaryotes00:46

Genomic DNA in Prokaryotes

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The genome of most prokaryotic organisms consists of double-stranded DNA organized into one circular chromosome in a region of cytoplasm called the nucleoid. The chromosome is tightly wound, or supercoiled, for efficient storage. Prokaryotes also contain other circular pieces of DNA called plasmids. These plasmids are smaller than the chromosome and often carry genes that confer adaptive functions, such as antibiotic resistance.
Genomic Diversity in Bacteria
Although bacterial genomes are much...
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Genomics02:02

Genomics

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Genomics is the science of genomes: it is the study of all the genetic material of an organism. In humans, the genome consists of information carried in 23 pairs of chromosomes in the nucleus, as well as mitochondrial DNA. In genomics, both coding and non-coding DNA is sequenced and analyzed. Genomics allows a better understanding of all living things, their evolution, and their diversity. It has a myriad of uses: for example, to build phylogenetic trees, to improve productivity and...
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Genomic Imprinting and Inheritance02:30

Genomic Imprinting and Inheritance

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Diploid organisms inherit genetic material through chromosomes from both parents. Copies of the same gene are known as alleles. In most cases, both alleles are simultaneously expressed and allow various cellular processes to function optimally. If one of the alleles is missing or mutated, the expression of the other allele can compensate; however, this is not true for all genes.
The expression of some genes depends on which parent passed the gene to the offspring, through a phenomenon known as...
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Genome Size and the Evolution of New Genes03:21

Genome Size and the Evolution of New Genes

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While every living organism has a genome of some kind (be it RNA, or DNA), there is considerable variation in the sizes of these blueprints. One major factor that impacts genome size is whether the organism is prokaryotic or eukaryotic. In prokaryotes, the genome contains little to no non-coding sequence, such that genes are tightly clustered in groups or operons sequentially along the chromosome. Conversely, the genes in eukaryotes are punctuated by long stretches of non-coding sequence.
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Genome Size and the Evolution of New Genes03:21

Genome Size and the Evolution of New Genes

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No description available
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Comparing Mitochondrial, Chloroplast, and Prokaryotic Genomes02:16

Comparing Mitochondrial, Chloroplast, and Prokaryotic Genomes

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The present-day mitochondrial and chloroplast genomes have retained some of the characteristics of their ancestral prokaryotes and also have acquired new attributes during their evolution within eukaryotic cells. Like prokaryotic genomes, mitochondrial and chloroplast genomes neither bind with histone-like proteins nor show complex packaging into chromosome-like structures, as observed in eukaryotes. Unlike mitotic cell divisions observed in eukaryotic cells, mitochondria and chloroplasts...
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Genome-Wide Analysis of DNA Methylation in Gastrointestinal Cancer
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Genome-Wide Analysis of DNA Methylation in Gastrointestinal Cancer

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Lecciones del genoma del cáncer.

Levi A Garraway1, Eric S Lander

  • 1Department of Medical Oncology and Center for Cancer Genome Discovery, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA.

Cell
|April 2, 2013
PubMed
Resumen

Los estudios del genoma del cáncer han identificado numerosos nuevos genes del cáncer involucrados en varios procesos celulares. Se necesita más investigación para completar el catálogo mutacional del cáncer y traducir los descubrimientos genómicos en terapias dirigidas.

Área de la Ciencia:

  • Oncología Oncología.
  • La genómica es la genómica.
  • Biología Molecular Biología Molecular

Sus antecedentes:

  • En los últimos años se ha visto una explosión en los estudios sistemáticos del genoma del cáncer.
  • Estos estudios han descubierto numerosos nuevos genes de cáncer.
  • Muchos genes identificados están involucrados en procesos relacionados con el cáncer no reconocidos anteriormente.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Para resumir los avances recientes en la genómica del cáncer.
  • Para resaltar los diversos procesos celulares afectados por los genes de cáncer recién descubiertos.
  • Para subrayar los desafíos en curso y las direcciones futuras en el campo.

Principales métodos:

  • Análisis sistemático de los genomas del cáncer.
  • Identificación y caracterización de genes asociados al cáncer.

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  • Investigación de las funciones genéticas en la señalización celular, epigenómica, empalme de ARN, homeostasis de proteínas, metabolismo y maduración del linaje.

    • Principales resultados:

    • Descubrimiento de una multitud de nuevos genes del cáncer.
    • Identificación de nuevos objetivos de cáncer en la señalización celular, la cromatina y la regulación epigenómica, el empalme de ARN, la homeostasis de proteínas, el metabolismo y la maduración del linaje.
    • El reconocimiento de que la genómica del cáncer es todavía un campo emergente.

    Conclusiones:

    • La genómica del cáncer ha avanzado rápidamente, revelando nuevos objetivos genéticos.
    • Queda un trabajo significativo para completar el catálogo mutacional y comprender las funciones de los genes.
    • Los esfuerzos futuros deben centrarse en vincular las alteraciones genómicas a las vías y vulnerabilidades para guiar el desarrollo de la terapia contra el cáncer.