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Servicios de salud para niños en Europa occidental
Ingrid Wolfe1, Matthew Thompson, Peter Gill
1European Centre on Health of Societies in Transition, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK. ingrid.wolfe@lshtm.ac.uk
Lancet (London, England)
|April 2, 2013
Resumen
Los sistemas de salud de Europa occidental deben adaptarse a la evolución de las necesidades de salud infantil, en particular las enfermedades no transmisibles. Un enfoque de sistemas integrales es crucial para mejorar los servicios de salud infantil y reducir las desigualdades en toda Europa.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Salud Pública La salud pública.
- Servicios de salud Servicios de salud Investigación Investigación.
- La pediatría es la medicina de los niños.
Sus antecedentes:
- Los sistemas de salud de Europa occidental se enfrentan a desafíos para satisfacer las necesidades contemporáneas de salud infantil, con el aumento de las enfermedades no transmisibles como causas significativas de morbilidad y mortalidad.
- A pesar de las mejoras generales, persisten importantes desigualdades en la salud infantil en toda Europa, influenciadas por los servicios de salud y los determinantes socioculturales.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para comparar cómo los diferentes sistemas de salud de Europa Occidental se están adaptando a las cambiantes necesidades de salud infantil.
- Identificar estrategias efectivas y mejores prácticas para reconfigurar los servicios de salud a través de un enfoque de sistemas integrales para mejorar los resultados de salud infantil y la equidad.
Principales métodos:
- Análisis comparativo de las adaptaciones de los servicios de salud infantil en los países de Europa Occidental.
- Examen de los sistemas integrados de atención, los servicios de atención crónica y los modelos de atención de primer contacto.
- Revisión de las intervenciones a nivel de política, planificación y práctica.
Principales resultados:
- Las experiencias de Suecia y los Países Bajos resaltan el impacto de las políticas de apoyo y la financiación adecuada en los sistemas integrados.
- Francia, el Reino Unido, Italia y Alemania proporcionan diversas perspectivas sobre la prestación de cuidados crónicos.
- Los modelos de atención de primer contacto varían significativamente, con problemas emergentes en la organización, la capacitación, los servicios fuera del horario laboral y el reparto de tareas.
Conclusiones:
- La mejora de la salud y la equidad infantil requiere un enfoque receptivo y de sistemas completos, que integre la práctica, la planificación y las políticas.
- Los modelos flexibles y colaborativos de atención de primer contacto pueden equilibrar la experiencia con la accesibilidad.
- El compromiso político y la inversión sostenidos son esenciales para una transformación exitosa del sistema de salud.
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