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Diversas fosfolipasas de secreción de tipo VI son efectores antibacterianos funcionalmente plásticos.

Alistair B Russell¹, Michele LeRoux, Krisztina Hathazi

¹Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA.

|April 5, 2013

Resumen

Los investigadores descubrieron una nueva familia de enzimas bacterianas fosfolipasas, llamadas efectores de lipasa tipo VI, que atacan las membranas bacterianas. Estas enzimas son cruciales para las interacciones antagónicas entre las bacterias, impactando la patogénesis y la evolución.

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Área de la Ciencia:

Microbiología Microbiología.
La bioquímica es la bioquímica.
Biología Molecular Biología Molecular

Sus antecedentes:

Las membranas celulares son vitales para la compartimentación y son objetivos en las interacciones entre organismos.
Las fosfolipasas bacterianas, incluidas las con actividad de la fosfolipasa A1 y A2, son toxinas y venenos conocidos.
El sistema de secreción tipo VI (T6SS) es un aparato para la translocación de proteínas efectoras entre las células.

Objetivo del estudio:

Descubrir y caracterizar una nueva superfamilia de enzimas bacterianas fosfolipasas.
Determinar el papel de estas enzimas en las interacciones bacterianas y su mecanismo de acción.
Para investigar la participación de PldA y el H2-T6SS en el antagonismo bacteriano.

Principales métodos:

Análisis bioinformático para identificar las superfamilias de enzimas fosfolipasa.
Análisis de actividad enzimática para definir las actividades de la fosfolipasa A1 y A2.
Análisis genéticos y bioquímicos de Pseudomonas aeruginosa PldA y el H2-T6SS.

Principales resultados:

Descubrimiento de una diversa superfamilia de enzimas bacterianas fosfolipasas, denominadas efectores de lipasa tipo VI.
Identificación de las actividades de la fosfolipasa A1 y A2 dentro de esta superfamilia, previamente asociadas con toxinas.
Demostración de que estos efectores funcionan a través del T6SS para mediar el antagonismo bacteriano mediante la degradación de la fosfatidiletanolamina.

Conclusiones:

Los efectores de lipasa tipo VI son un componente clave de las estrategias antagonistas bacterianas mediadas por el T6SS.
El PldA de Pseudomonas aeruginosa es miembro de esta superfamilia y juega un papel en las interacciones bacterianas.
Las fosfolipasas asociadas a la virulencia pueden actuar como efectores antibacterianos específicos, destacando el papel de la competencia interbacteriana en la evolución de la patogénesis.