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Poner fin a las muertes prevenibles por neumonía y diarrea: un objetivo alcanzable
Mickey Chopra1, Elizabeth Mason, John Borrazzo
1UNICEF, New York, NY 10017, USA. mchopra@unicef.org
Lancet (London, England)
|April 16, 2013
Resumen
Reducir las muertes infantiles por neumonía y diarrea es crucial. La ampliación de las intervenciones y el logro de altas tasas de inmunización puede disminuir significativamente la mortalidad para 2025.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Salud Infantil Global La salud infantil global.
- Epidemiología de enfermedades prevenibles.
- Intervenciones de salud pública intervenciones de salud pública.
Sus antecedentes:
- La mortalidad global de menores de 5 años ha disminuido, pero no se ha alcanzado el objetivo de 2015.
- La neumonía y la diarrea causan aproximadamente 2 millones de muertes infantiles anuales.
- Se necesitan reducciones aceleradas para alcanzar los objetivos de supervivencia infantil.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Evaluar el impacto de las intervenciones de escala para la neumonía y la diarrea.
- Modelar la reducción potencial de la mortalidad infantil para el año 2025.
- Identificar las acciones prioritarias para poner fin a las muertes infantiles prevenibles.
Principales métodos:
- Modelado utilizado para proyectar reducciones de la mortalidad basadas en la escala de intervención.
- Costos estimados asociados con escalar las intervenciones al 80% y la inmunización al 90%.
- Se analizó el desempeño a nivel de país para identificar tasas de disminución alcanzables.
Principales resultados:
- La ampliación de las intervenciones al 80% y la inmunización al 90% podría eliminar más de dos tercios de las muertes por neumonía y diarrea.
- El costo estimado para lograr estos objetivos para 2025 es de US$6.715 mil millones.
- Es posible alcanzar tasas de mortalidad por causas específicas de <3/1000 para la neumonía y <1/1000 para la diarrea para el año 2025.
Conclusiones:
- Se puede lograr poner fin a las muertes prevenibles por neumonía y diarrea para el año 2025.
- Las acciones clave incluyen aumentar la conciencia, fortalecer el liderazgo y la colaboración y optimizar las mezclas de intervención.
- Existen estrategias rentables para reducir significativamente la mortalidad infantil.
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