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El desafío de la educación y el aprendizaje en el mundo en desarrollo
Michael Kremer1, Conner Brannen, Rachel Glennerster
1Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|April 20, 2013
Resumen
La reducción de los costos educativos y la mejora de la salud infantil impulsan la asistencia escolar. Sin embargo, mejorar los resultados del aprendizaje requiere reformas pedagógicas específicas y rendición de cuentas, no solo más recursos.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Educación Economía de la Educación
- Economía del desarrollo Economía del desarrollo.
- Evaluación de políticas Evaluación de políticas.
Sus antecedentes:
- La participación escolar es sensible a las intervenciones financieras e informales.
- Los insumos educativos estándar a menudo no logran mejorar los resultados del aprendizaje entre los estudiantes matriculados.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Evaluar la rentabilidad de varias intervenciones sobre la participación y el aprendizaje en la escuela.
- Identificar estrategias efectivas para mejorar el logro educativo y las habilidades cognitivas.
Principales métodos:
- Análisis de evaluaciones aleatorias en diversos contextos.
- Comparación del impacto de las reducciones de costos, las intervenciones de salud, la provisión de información y las reformas pedagógicas.
Principales resultados:
- La reducción de los costos de bolsillo, las becas y las transferencias de efectivo aumentan la asistencia escolar.
- La información sobre la salud infantil y los ingresos es rentable para impulsar la matrícula.
- Los insumos tradicionales como maestros adicionales o libros de texto muestran un impacto mínimo en los puntajes de las pruebas.
- Las reformas pedagógicas y las medidas de rendición de cuentas mejoran significativamente los resultados del aprendizaje.
Conclusiones:
- Las intervenciones dirigidas a los costos educativos y el bienestar de los estudiantes aumentan efectivamente la participación escolar.
- Mejorar el aprendizaje requiere enfoques pedagógicos adaptados y una mayor rendición de cuentas, en lugar de simplemente aumentar los recursos.
- La tecnología tiene potencial para mejorar la pedagogía y la rendición de cuentas en la educación.
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