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Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Rate-Programmed II

Rate-programmed drug delivery systems release drugs in a controlled manner to maintain therapeutic levels. Three main designs include reservoir, matrix, and hybrid systems.Reservoir systems consist of a drug core enclosed within a membrane that controls drug release. In non-swelling reservoir systems, polymers like ethyl cellulose or polymethacrylates are used. These do not hydrate in aqueous media and control release through membrane thickness, porosity, or insolubility. This type includes...
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Stimuli-activated drug delivery systems are designed to release drugs in response to specific physical, chemical, or biological stimuli. These systems often utilize hydrogels—three-dimensional, hydrophilic polymer networks capable of swelling in aqueous environments and retaining significant fluid volumes. Upon exposure to particular stimuli, these hydrogels undergo structural transitions that allow the embedded drug to be released. Due to this adaptive behavior, such systems are also called...
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Polymeric carriers enhance targeted drug delivery by increasing efficacy while minimizing off-target effects. These carriers comprise a biodegradable polymeric backbone integrated with functional elements that enable targeting, improve physicochemical properties, and regulate drug release.Targeting MechanismsThe targeting ability of polymeric carriers is mediated by a homing device, which is a molecular recognition component designed to selectively bind to specific tissues or cells. Monoclonal...
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Rate-programmed drug delivery systems (DDS) are designed to release drugs at specific, controlled rates to maintain consistent therapeutic levels. These systems are categorized based on their release mechanisms, including dissolution-controlled DDS, diffusion-controlled DDS, and combined dissolution-diffusion-controlled DDS.In dissolution-controlled DDS, the release rate depends on the slow dissolution of the drug itself or the surrounding matrix. Drugs with inherently slow dissolution rates,...
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Modified-release drug delivery systems improve drug efficacy and minimize side effects by controlling the rate and location of drug release. These systems fall into three categories: rate-programmed, stimuli-activated, and site-targeted.Rate-programmed systems release drugs at a predetermined rate, maintaining consistent therapeutic levels and reducing fluctuations that could lead to toxicity or subtherapeutic effects. These systems use polymeric matrices, reservoir-based designs, or osmotic...
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Drug release from modified-release dosage forms is designed to achieve specific therapeutic effects by controlling the rate and extent of drug release. The classification of these drug release systems is based on key pharmacokinetic assumptions: drug disposition follows first-order kinetics, drug release is the rate-limiting step in absorption, and the released drug is rapidly and completely absorbed.There are four major models of drug release patterns. The first model is the slow zero-order...

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Alternating Magnetic Field-Responsive Hybrid Gelatin Microgels for Controlled Drug Release
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Microcápsulas de polímero con liberación activa programable para su uso.

Alireza Abbaspourrad1, Nick J Carroll, Shin-Hyun Kim

  • 1School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|April 24, 2013
PubMed
Resumen
Este resumen es generado por máquina.

Desarrollamos microcápsulas de liberación activa con liberación de carga ajustable. El mecanismo utiliza un estímulo plastificante para controlar la cinética de liberación desde ráfagas rápidas hasta entrega sostenida.

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Ciencia de los materiales Ciencia de los materiales.
  • La ciencia de los polímeros es la ciencia de los polímeros.
  • Ingeniería Química Ingeniería Química.

Sus antecedentes:

  • Las microcápsulas son ampliamente utilizadas para encapsular y administrar sustancias activas.
  • El control de la velocidad de liberación de los materiales encapsulados es crucial para muchas aplicaciones.
  • Los mecanismos de liberación existentes a menudo carecen de capacidad de pesca y control preciso.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Introducir un nuevo sistema de microcápsulas con un mecanismo de liberación activo y sintonizable.
  • Para demostrar el control sobre la cinética de liberación mediante la modulación de la fluidez de la membrana.
  • Para explorar la versatilidad de este enfoque de liberación activa en diferentes sistemas de polímeros.

Principales métodos:

  • Fabricación de microcápsulas utilizando un enfoque microfluídico.
  • Inducción de la transición de cambio de fase en membranas poliméricas utilizando un estímulo plastificante.
  • El ajuste de la cinética de liberación mediante el ajuste de la concentración del estímulo, el peso molecular del polímero y el grosor de la membrana.

Principales resultados:

  • Se lograron cinéticas de liberación sintonizables, que van desde la liberación en ráfaga de subsegundos hasta la liberación sostenida en minutos.
  • Control demostrado sobre la respuesta de activación de la cápsula colectiva.
  • Aplicó con éxito el mecanismo de liberación activa tanto al poliestireno como a las cápsulas de copolimero de bloque similar al caucho.

Conclusiones:

  • El sistema de microcápsulas desarrollado ofrece una plataforma versátil para la liberación controlada de la carga.
  • El mecanismo de liberación activa proporciona un control temporal preciso sobre la cinética de liberación.
  • Esta tecnología tiene un potencial significativo para diversas aplicaciones prácticas que requieren una entrega controlada.