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El virus del papiloma humano y el cáncer cervical
Emma J Crosbie1, Mark H Einstein, Silvia Franceschi
1Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, UK.
Lancet (London, England)
|April 27, 2013
Resumen
La infección persistente de alto riesgo por el virus del papiloma humano (VPH) causa varios tipos de cáncer. Las vacunas contra el VPH y las pruebas son estrategias clave de prevención que podrían salvar vidas a nivel mundial.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Oncología Oncología.
- Virología Virología.
- Salud Pública La salud pública.
Sus antecedentes:
- El cáncer de cuello uterino es causado principalmente por infecciones persistentes de alto riesgo por el virus del papiloma humano (VPH), particularmente el VPH tipo 16.
- El VPH infecta las células epiteliales, interrumpiendo el control del ciclo celular y llevando a la división celular incontrolada y el daño genético.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Revisar el papel del virus del papiloma humano (VPH) en el desarrollo del cáncer.
- Para resaltar la importancia de las vacunas profilácticas y las pruebas de VPH en las estrategias de prevención del cáncer.
Principales métodos:
- Revisión de la literatura existente sobre la infección por el VPH, la patogénesis y la prevención.
- Análisis de la utilidad clínica de las vacunas contra el VPH y las pruebas del VPH en la prevención primaria y secundaria.
Principales resultados:
- Dos vacunas profilácticas efectivas contra el VPH (dirigidas al VPH 16/18 y al VPH 16/18/6/11) están disponibles y se utilizan en los países desarrollados.
- La prueba del VPH es valiosa para la prevención secundaria, la citología de triaje y como prueba de curación, ya que ofrece una mayor sensibilidad que la citología y permite intervalos de cribado extendidos.
Conclusiones:
- La vacunación profiláctica contra el VPH y las pruebas del VPH son estrategias cruciales de prevención primaria y secundaria contra los cánceres relacionados con el VPH.
- La implementación de estas estrategias de prevención en los países en desarrollo tiene el potencial de salvar muchas vidas.
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