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El cíclico [G(2',5') pA(3',5') p] es el segundo mensajero del metazoario producido por la síntesis de GMP-AMP cíclica
Pu Gao1, Manuel Ascano, Yang Wu
1Structural Biology Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA.
Cell
|May 8, 2013
Resumen
El GMP-AMP cíclico (cGAMP) es un segundo mensajero metazoario sintetizado por la cGAMP sintasa (cGAS). Este estudio revela el cGAMP cGAMP.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Biología Molecular Biología Molecular
- Inmunología Inmunología.
- La bioquímica es la bioquímica.
Sus antecedentes:
- La GMP-AMP cíclica (cGAMP) actúa como un segundo mensajero en los metazoos, iniciando respuestas de interferón.
- cGAMP es producido por el sensor de ADN dsDNA citoplasmático, cGAMP sintasa (cGAS), a partir de GTP y ATP.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para aclarar la estructura química precisa y el mecanismo de síntesis del metazoario segundo mensajero cGAMP.
- Investigar los mecanismos estructurales y catalíticos de la activación de cGAS y la unión de nucleótidos.
- Para caracterizar la naturaleza distinta de los dinucleótidos cíclicos metazoanos 2',5'-enlazados en comparación con sus análogos bacterianos 3',5'-enlazados.
Principales métodos:
- Biología estructural (cristalografía de rayos X, crio-EM)
- Síntesis y análisis químicos.
- Ensayos bioquímicos (cinética de las enzimas, estudios de unión)
- Ensayos celulares (respuesta al interferón, señalización inmune)
Principales resultados:
- El segundo mensajero del metazoario se identifica como enlaces de fosfodiéster G(2',5')pA y A(3',5')p, denominados c[G(2',5')pA(3',5')p].
- cGAS sufre cambios conformacionales al unirse a dsDNA, creando un bolsillo activo de unión de nucleótidos para la síntesis de cGAMP.
- La ciclización ocurre gradualmente, formando 5'-pppG(2',5')pA antes del producto final c[G(2',5')pA(3',5')p].
- Las mutaciones en los sitios de unión al ADN o catalizadores del cGAS perjudican su actividad.
- c[G(2',5')pA(3',5')p] representa una nueva clase de 2',5'-enlazados heterodinucleótidos cíclicos segundos mensajeros en metazoos.
Conclusiones:
- El estudio define la estructura de cGAMP y su vía de síntesis por cGAS.
- cGAMP es un distinto segundo mensajero metazoario, que difiere de los dinucleótidos cíclicos bacterianos.
- Este trabajo establece c[G(2',5') pA(3',5') p] como el primer miembro de una nueva familia de segundos mensajeros de dinucleótidos cíclicos.
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