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The gut microbiome is formed by a vast and diverse community of bacteria that colonizes our large intestine. These bacteria start residing in the gut from birth and continue diversifying throughout life, influenced by factors such as diet, lifestyle, and stress. The gut bacterial community also includes bacteria from food and those that enter the colon through the anus.
The normal gut flora of the colon plays a critical role in generating essential vitamins such as vitamins K, B5, and B7.
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Development of Human Microbiota01:30

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The human microbiota begins developing at birth and undergoes continual change as we age. Infancy marks a critical period of microbial sensitivity, offering a “window of opportunity” during which beneficial microbes help mature the immune system. By age three, children typically develop a more stable and diverse microbial community. Newborns acquire microbes from their immediate environment; vaginal delivery favors maternal vaginal microbes, while cesarean births favor microbes from...
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The human respiratory tract, comprising the upper and lower segments, serves as a critical interface with the external environment. The upper respiratory tract (URT)—including the nostrils, sinuses, pharynx, and oropharynx—is heavily colonized by microbes, while the lower respiratory tract (LRT), composed of the larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs, was long thought to be sterile. However, recent molecular studies have revealed that the lungs are not devoid of microbes but act more...
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The human gastrointestinal (GI) tract is characterized by distinct physicochemical conditions that shape its microbial communities. Among these, the stomach presents a particularly challenging environment for microbial colonization due to its highly acidic pH, ranging from 1 to 3. This extreme acidity effectively limits microbial density. However, certain acid-tolerant microorganisms are capable of surviving in this niche. Notably, Helicobacter pylori can colonize the gastric mucosa,...
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The large intestine hosts the most densely populated microbial ecosystem in the human body. This complex community primarily consists of anaerobic bacteria, with Bacillota (formerly Firmicutes) and Bacteroidota (formerly Bacteroidetes) as the predominant groups. The distribution of these microbes varies along different sections of the large intestine, influenced by local environmental factors such as oxygen availability and nutrient composition.The cecum, located at the beginning of the large...
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The gut microbiota includes trillions of microorganisms that colonize the human gastrointestinal tract, including bacteria, archaea, viruses, and fungi. This complex ecosystem plays a critical role in maintaining intestinal and systemic health. Most of these microbes inhabit the large intestine, establishing a relatively stable and diverse community that contributes to gut homeostasis through various metabolic, immunological, and protective mechanisms.Dominant bacterial phyla, such as...
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Video Experimental Relacionado

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Parallel Measurement of Circadian Clock Gene Expression and Hormone Secretion in Human Primary Cell Cultures
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La microbiota mantiene el reloj intestinal funcionando.

Jorge Henao-Mejia1, Till Strowig, Richard A Flavell

  • 1Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.

Cell
|May 14, 2013
PubMed
Resumen
Este resumen es generado por máquina.

Las bacterias comensales juegan un papel sorprendente en la regulación circadiana diaria de la producción de glucocorticoides. Este hallazgo pone de relieve el microbioma intestinal.

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Microbiología Microbiología.
  • Endocrinología Endocrinología.
  • Cronobiología cronobiología.

Sus antecedentes:

  • Los patrones metabólicos diarios suelen estar regulados por el eje hipotalámico.
  • El sistema circadiano influye en numerosos procesos fisiológicos.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Investigar el papel de las bacterias comensales en la regulación circadiana de la producción de glucocorticoides.
  • Explorar la interacción entre la microbiota intestinal y las células epiteliales intestinales en la regulación hormonal.

Principales métodos:

  • Análisis de la producción de glucocorticoides en las células epiteliales intestinales.
  • Evaluación del impacto de las bacterias comensales en la expresión génica circadiana.
  • Estudios de interacción entre la microbiota y el huésped.

Principales resultados:

  • Se descubrió que las bacterias comensales desempeñan un papel importante en la regulación circadiana de la producción de glucocorticoides.
  • Especies bacterianas específicas o sus metabolitos pueden influir en las vías de síntesis de glucocorticoides.
  • Las células epiteliales intestinales exhiben respuestas circadianas influenciadas por el microbioma intestinal.

Conclusiones:

  • Las bacterias comensales son un factor sorprendente e importante en el control circadiano de la producción de glucocorticoides.
  • Este estudio pone de relieve un nuevo mecanismo por el cual la microbiota intestinal impacta la función endocrina del huésped.
  • Investigaciones adicionales sobre las interacciones entre la microbiota y el huésped podrían revelar nuevos objetivos terapéuticos para los trastornos metabólicos y endocrinos.