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El sistema de salud de Pakistán: desempeño y perspectivas después de la 18a Enmienda Constitucional
Sania Nishtar1, Ties Boerma, Sohail Amjad
1Heartfile, Islamabad, Pakistan. sania@heartfile.org
Lancet (London, England)
|May 21, 2013
Resumen
Pakistán Pakistán es el país.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Desempeño de los sistemas de salud Desempeño de los sistemas de salud
- Política de salud pública Política de salud pública.
- El federalismo y la gobernanza de la salud
Sus antecedentes:
- La estructura federal de Pakistán cambió significativamente con la 18a Enmienda Constitucional.
- Los últimos 65 años muestran algunas mejoras en el sistema de salud, sin embargo, los indicadores clave se quedan atrás de las naciones comparables.
- El alto gasto de bolsillo (78,08%) y el predominio del sector privado (75%) caracterizan la prestación de atención médica.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Evaluar el desempeño de los sistemas de salud en Pakistán después de la 18a Enmienda Constitucional.
- Identificar los desafíos y oportunidades para la reforma de la salud en la estructura descentralizada.
- Informar la futura política y planificación de la salud.
Principales métodos:
- Análisis de los indicadores de rendimiento de los sistemas de salud.
- Revisión de las estructuras de gobierno y los modelos de prestación de servicios de salud.
- Examen de las cargas financieras sobre la población.
Principales resultados:
- Los indicadores clave de salud en Pakistán están rezagados con respecto a otros países, a pesar de algunas mejoras.
- Los significativos gastos de salud de bolsillo afectan al 78.08% de la población.
- El sector privado ofrece la mayoría de los servicios de salud, con una proporción de médico/enfermera/partera de 2:1.
Conclusiones:
- Los problemas complejos de gobernanza y la falta de inversión impiden el progreso del sistema de salud en Pakistán.
- La descentralización de las responsabilidades de salud presenta una oportunidad crítica para la reforma.
- Las acciones políticas, institucionales y legislativas específicas son necesarias para superar los desafíos existentes en el sistema de salud.
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