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Enfermedades y lesiones no transmisibles en Pakistán: prioridades estratégicas
Tazeen H Jafar1, Benjamin A Haaland, Atif Rahman
1Health Services and Systems Research, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore. tazeen.jafar@duke-nus.edu.sg
Lancet (London, England)
|May 21, 2013
Resumen
Las enfermedades no transmisibles son Pakistán
Área de la Ciencia:
- Salud Pública La salud pública.
- Epidemiología La epidemiología.
- Política de salud Política de salud
Sus antecedentes:
- Las enfermedades no transmisibles (ENT) como las enfermedades cardiovasculares, los cánceres, las enfermedades respiratorias, la diabetes y los trastornos mentales son las principales causas de muerte y enfermedad en Pakistán.
- Los principales factores de riesgo incluyen el uso generalizado del tabaco, altas tasas de hipertensión, obesidad y mala aplicación de las leyes de salud pública.
- La inestabilidad sociopolítica y los desafíos económicos exacerban la alta prevalencia de trastornos de salud mental.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Analizar la carga proyectada de muertes prematuras por las principales ENT en Pakistán para 2025.
- Evaluar el impacto potencial de enfocar los principales factores de riesgo en la reducción de la mortalidad relacionada con las ENT.
- Abogar por las intervenciones políticas, legislativas y del sistema de salud para combatir las ENT prevenibles.
Principales métodos:
- Se utilizaron modelos de proyección basados en los datos de la Carga Global de Enfermedades 2010.
- Se analizaron datos de mortalidad por enfermedades cardiovasculares, cáncer y enfermedades respiratorias crónicas en adultos de 30 a 69 años.
- Modelado la reducción potencial de las muertes prematuras a través de intervenciones en los factores de riesgo.
Principales resultados:
- Se proyectan aproximadamente 3,87 millones de muertes prematuras por ENT para 2025 en Pakistán.
- Se identificaron consecuencias económicas significativas asociadas con esta mortalidad proyectada.
- Indicó un potencial para lograr al menos una reducción del 20% en estas muertes al centrarse en los factores de riesgo clave.
Conclusiones:
- Se necesitan reformas políticas y legislativas urgentes para hacer frente a la creciente epidemia de ENT en Pakistán.
- Las intervenciones del sistema de salud dirigidas a los factores de riesgo modificables son cruciales para reducir la mortalidad prematura.
- Las medidas proactivas pueden mitigar el grave impacto económico y de salud de las ENT.
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