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Videos de Conceptos Relacionados

RNA Splicing01:32

RNA Splicing

Splicing is the process by which eukaryotic RNA is edited before its translation into protein. The RNA strand transcribed from eukaryotic DNA is called the primary transcript. The primary transcripts that become mRNAs are called precursor messenger RNAs (pre-mRNAs). Eukaryotic pre-mRNA contains alternating sequences of exons and introns. Exons are nucleotide sequences that code for proteins, whereas introns are the non-coding regions. In RNA splicing, introns are removed and exons are bonded...
RNA Splicing01:32

RNA Splicing

Splicing is the process by which eukaryotic RNA is edited before its translation into protein. The RNA strand transcribed from eukaryotic DNA is called the primary transcript. The primary transcripts that become mRNAs are called precursor messenger RNAs (pre-mRNAs). Eukaryotic pre-mRNA contains alternating sequences of exons and introns. Exons are nucleotide sequences that code for proteins, whereas introns are the non-coding regions. In RNA splicing, introns are removed and exons are bonded...
Alternative RNA Splicing02:18

Alternative RNA Splicing

Alternative RNA splicing is the regulated splicing of exons and introns to produce different mature mRNAs from a single pre-mRNA. Unlike in constitutive splicing where a single gene produces a single type of mRNA, alternative splicing allows an organism to produce multiple proteins from a single gene and plays an important role in protein diversity.
There are five types of alternative RNA splicing that vary in the ways the pre-mRNA segments are removed or retained in the mature mRNA. The first...
Alternative RNA Splicing02:18

Alternative RNA Splicing

Alternative RNA splicing is the regulated splicing of exons and introns to produce different mature mRNAs from a single pre-mRNA. Unlike in constitutive splicing where a single gene produces a single type of mRNA, alternative splicing allows an organism to produce multiple proteins from a single gene and plays an important role in protein diversity.
There are five types of alternative RNA splicing that vary in the ways the pre-mRNA segments are removed or retained in the mature mRNA. The first...
Cell Specific Gene Expression01:58

Cell Specific Gene Expression

Multicellular organisms contain a variety of structurally and functionally distinct cell types, but the DNA in all the cells originated from the same parent cells. The differences in the cells can be attributed to the differential gene expression. Liver cells, whose functions include detoxification of blood, production of bile to metabolize fats, and synthesis of proteins essential for metabolism, must express a specific set of genes to perform their functions. Gene expression also varies with...
Cell Specific Gene Expression01:58

Cell Specific Gene Expression

Multicellular organisms contain a variety of structurally and functionally distinct cell types, but the DNA in all the cells originated from the same parent cells. The differences in the cells can be attributed to the differential gene expression. Liver cells, whose functions include detoxification of blood, production of bile to metabolize fats, and synthesis of proteins essential for metabolism, must express a specific set of genes to perform their functions. Gene expression also varies with...

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Single-cell Gene Expression Using Multiplex RT-qPCR to Characterize Heterogeneity of Rare Lymphoid Populations
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Single-cell Gene Expression Using Multiplex RT-qPCR to Characterize Heterogeneity of Rare Lymphoid Populations

Published on: January 19, 2017

La transcriptómica unicelular revela la bimodalidad en la expresión y el empalme en las células inmunes.

Alex K Shalek1, Rahul Satija, Xian Adiconis

  • 1Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.

Nature
|May 21, 2013
PubMed
Resumen

Las células individuales muestran diferencias significativas en la expresión génica. La secuenciación de ARN de una sola célula revela una amplia variación bimodal en la expresión de genes inmunes y patrones de empalme en células dendríticas de ratón.

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A Combinatorial Single-cell Approach to Characterize the Molecular and Immunophenotypic Heterogeneity of Human Stem and Progenitor Populations
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Published on: October 25, 2018

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Single-cell Gene Expression Using Multiplex RT-qPCR to Characterize Heterogeneity of Rare Lymphoid Populations
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A Combinatorial Single-cell Approach to Characterize the Molecular and Immunophenotypic Heterogeneity of Human Stem and Progenitor Populations

Published on: October 25, 2018

Área de la Ciencia:

  • Inmunología Inmunología.
  • La genómica es la genómica.
  • Biología celular Biología celular.

Sus antecedentes:

  • Las células individuales dentro de una población exhiben una significativa diversidad molecular y funcional.
  • Los estudios anteriores se vieron limitados por la incapacidad de medir simultáneamente múltiples moléculas en células individuales.
  • Los métodos de perfiles genómicos ahora están disponibles para el análisis de una sola célula.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Para investigar la heterogeneidad celular en células dendríticas derivadas de la médula ósea de ratón (BMDCs) utilizando secuenciación de ARN de una sola célula.
  • Para identificar variaciones previamente no observadas en la expresión génica y patrones de empalme.
  • Comprender los circuitos reguladores que subyacen a la diversidad celular.

Principales métodos:

  • Secuenciación de ARN unicelular (scRNA-seq) de células dendríticas derivadas de la médula ósea de ratón (BMDC).
  • Hibridación de ARN-fluorescencia in situ (FISH) para la validación de transcripciones seleccionadas.
  • Análisis de la expresión génica y patrones de empalme a través de células individuales.
  • Utilizando modelos de ratones knockout para investigar los circuitos reguladores.

Principales resultados:

  • Se identificó una variación bimodal extensa y no observada previamente en la abundancia de ARN mensajero y en los patrones de empalme.
  • Cientos de genes inmunes clave exhibieron expresión bimodal, incluso genes altamente expresados.
  • Los patrones de empalme revelaron una heterogeneidad significativa entre las células individuales.
  • Se identificó un módulo de 137 genes de respuesta antiviral corregidos.
  • La variabilidad en este módulo estaba vinculada a un circuito de retroalimentación de interferón que involucraba a Stat2 e Irf7.

Conclusiones:

  • La genómica de una sola célula revela poderosamente la diversidad funcional y descubre los estados y circuitos celulares.
  • La expresión génica bimodal y el splicing contribuyen a la heterogeneidad celular en las BMDC.
  • Los circuitos de retroalimentación de interferón juegan un papel en la propagación de la variabilidad de la expresión génica.