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Cambio topográfico dinámico del este de los Estados Unidos desde hace 3 millones de años

David B Rowley¹, Alessandro M Forte, Robert Moucha

¹Department of the Geophysical Sciences, 5734 South Ellis Avenue, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA. drowley@uchicago.edu

Science (New York, N.Y.)

|May 21, 2013

Resumen

Las inundaciones marinas del Plioceno medio crearon rasgos costeros ahora deformados por la topografía dinámica y el ajuste isostático glacial. Esta deformación geológica complica los estudios del nivel del mar y las evaluaciones de la estabilidad de la capa de hielo antártica.

Área de la Ciencia:

Geología Geología Geología.
La paleoceanografía es la paleoceanografía.
La geofísica es la geofísica.

Sus antecedentes:

Las rocas sedimentarias a lo largo de la costa atlántica de los Estados Unidos revelan eventos de inundaciones marinas de mediados del Plioceno.
Las escarpas de corte de onda, inicialmente horizontales, ahora exhiben hasta 60 metros de desplazamiento vertical.
Este desplazamiento indica una deformación significativa de la corteza que afecta a la geología de la llanura costera y de la plataforma.

Objetivo del estudio:

Para modelar la topografía dinámica responsable de la deformación observada de las características costeras del Plioceno medio.
Evaluar las contribuciones de la convección del manto y el ajuste isostático glacial a la arquitectura geológica actual.
Evaluar el impacto de estos procesos geológicos en las reconstrucciones paleoceanográficas del nivel del mar.

Principales métodos:

Análisis de registros de rocas sedimentarias desde Virginia hasta Florida.
Modelado geológico de topografía dinámica utilizando simulaciones de convección del manto.
Cuantificación del desplazamiento vertical en las escarpas de corte de onda.

Principales resultados:

Las simulaciones de convección del manto modelaron con éxito la amplitud y la distribución espacial de la deformación de la corteza.
La topografía dinámica se identifica como el principal impulsor de la variación de la superficie de 60 metros observada.
El ajuste isostático glacial contribuye en menor medida a la arquitectura de la llanura costera y de la plataforma.

Conclusiones:

La estructura geológica actual de la llanura costera atlántica está significativamente influenciada por la topografía dinámica.
Las relaciones estratigráficas regionales no son confiables para las determinaciones a largo plazo del nivel del mar sin tener en cuenta la dinámica del manto.
Las evaluaciones precisas del nivel del mar del Plioceno y la estabilidad de la capa de hielo de la Antártida requieren un marco de referencia dinámico del manto.

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