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Assembly of Complex Microtubule Structures

Complex microtubule structures are present in resting cells and in dividing cells. In resting cells, they are responsible for maintaining the cellular architecture, tracks for intracellular transport, positioning of organelles, assembly of cilia and flagella. They mediate the bipolar spindle assembly for chromosomal segregation and positioning of the cell division plate in dividing cells. The formation of microtubule complex structures depends on the cell type, cell stage, and cell function.
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The mitochondrial cristae membrane is the primary site for the oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) process of energy conversion mediated through respiratory complexes I to V. These complexes have been widely studied for decades, and it has been proven that they form supramolecular structures called respiratory supercomplexes (SC). These higher-order complexes may be crucial in maintaining the biochemical structure and improving the physiological activity of the individual complexes while...
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Woodward–Hoffmann Selection Rules and Microscopic Reversibility

Electrocyclic reactions, cycloadditions, and sigmatropic rearrangements are concerted pericyclic reactions that proceed via a cyclic transition state. These reactions are stereospecific and regioselective. The stereochemistry of the products depends on the symmetry characteristics of the interacting orbitals and the reaction conditions. Accordingly, pericyclic reactions are classified as either symmetry-allowed or symmetry-forbidden. Woodward and Hoffmann presented the selection criteria for...
Structural Organization of the Human Body: An Overview01:18

Structural Organization of the Human Body: An Overview

It is convenient to consider the body's structures in terms of fundamental levels of organization that increase in complexity: subatomic particles, atoms, molecules, organelles, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, and organisms.
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Design, Surface Treatment, Cellular Plating, and Culturing of Modular Neuronal Networks Composed of Functionally Inter-connected Circuits
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Published on: April 15, 2015

Las microarquitecturas complejas y jerárquicas diseñadas racionalmente son microarquitecturas complejas y

Wim L Noorduin1, Alison Grinthal, L Mahadevan

  • 1School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA. wnoord@seas.harvard.edu

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|May 21, 2013
PubMed
Resumen
Este resumen es generado por máquina.

Los investigadores desarrollaron microestructuras programables de carbonato y sílice utilizando un sistema dinámico de reacción-difusión. El control preciso de la difusión de dióxido de carbono (CO2) permite la creación de complejas arquitecturas multiscala para óptica, catálisis y electrónica.

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Micro-masonry for 3D Additive Micromanufacturing
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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Ciencia de los materiales Ciencia de los materiales.
  • Nanotecnología La nanotecnología es la nanotecnología.
  • Ingeniería Química Ingeniería Química.

Sus antecedentes:

  • Las nano- y microestructuras complejas son cruciales para los avances en óptica, catálisis y electrónica.
  • Programar la forma de estas estructuras es esencial para las aplicaciones prácticas.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Desarrollar un método para diseñar racionalmente y esculpir con precisión diversas microestructuras de carbonato y sílice.
  • Explorar el uso de sistemas dinámicos de reacción-difusión para el autoensamblaje controlado.

Principales métodos:

  • Utilizó un sistema dinámico de reacción-difusión que involucra soluciones de cloruro de bario y metasilicato de sodio.
  • Controlado la difusión de dióxido de carbono (CO2) para esculpir microestructuras.
  • Identificó y manipuló dos modos de crecimiento distintos mediante la modulación de la concentración de CO2, el pH y la temperatura.

Principales resultados:

  • Creó con éxito una variedad de microestructuras elementales y complejas con alta precisión.
  • Cambio determinista demostrado entre regímenes de crecimiento a través de modulaciones ambientales controladas.
  • Se logró el ensamblaje jerárquico de microestructuras multiscala.

Conclusiones:

  • Estableció una estrategia de nanotecnología para la colaboración en tiempo real con procesos de autoensamblaje.
  • Permitió la creación de arquitecturas tectónicas arbitrarias con una complejidad sin precedentes.
  • Abrió nuevas vías para la fabricación de materiales avanzados para diversas aplicaciones tecnológicas.