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Impacto del desarrollo de gas de esquisto en la calidad del agua regional
R D Vidic1, S L Brantley, J M Vandenbossche
1Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA. vidic@pitt.edu
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|May 21, 2013
Resumen
La extracción no convencional de gas natural mediante perforación horizontal y fracturación hidráulica presenta riesgos ambientales para la calidad del agua. La investigación y el monitoreo adicionales son cruciales para administrar estos riesgos de manera efectiva.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Ciencias ambientales Ciencias ambientales.
- Ciencias de la Tierra Ciencias de la Tierra Ciencias de la Tierra
- Ciencias de la Energía Energía Ciencias de la Energía
Sus antecedentes:
- La extracción no convencional de gas natural ofrece una alternativa más limpia a los combustibles fósiles y una potencial independencia energética.
- La perforación horizontal y la fracturación hidráulica permiten la extracción económica de las formaciones de esquisto.
- Estas tecnologías de extracción presentan riesgos ambientales, particularmente para la calidad del agua regional.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Revisar la comprensión actual de los problemas ambientales relacionados con la extracción no convencional de gas.
- Identificar los principales riesgos para la calidad del agua asociados con estos métodos de extracción.
Principales métodos:
- Revisión de la literatura de la investigación existente sobre los impactos de la extracción de gas no convencional.
- Análisis de riesgos ambientales, incluida la migración de gases, el transporte de contaminantes y la descarga de aguas residuales.
Principales resultados:
- Los principales riesgos para la calidad del agua incluyen la migración de gases, el transporte de contaminantes a través de fracturas, la descarga de aguas residuales y derrames.
- La comprensión actual del destino y el transporte de contaminantes requiere mejoras.
Conclusiones:
- Una mejor comprensión del comportamiento de los contaminantes y un mejor monitoreo a largo plazo son esenciales.
- La difusión efectiva de datos es fundamental para la gestión de los riesgos de calidad del agua derivados de la extracción no convencional de gas.
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