Video Experimental Relacionado
Updated: May 11, 2026
11:56
Non-radioactive in situ Hybridization Protocol Applicable for Norway Spruce and a Range of Plant Species
Published on: April 17, 2009
La secuencia del genoma del abeto noruego y la evolución del genoma de la conífera
Björn Nystedt1, Nathaniel R Street, Anna Wetterbom
1Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Science for Life Laboratory, Stockholm University, Box 1031, 171 21 Solna, Sweden.
Nature
|May 24, 2013
Resumen
El genoma del abeto noruego, el primero de cualquier gimnosperma, revela que su gran tamaño se debe a elementos transponibles, no a la duplicación de genes. Esta visión genómica ofrece nuevas posibilidades para la silvicultura y la cría de coníferas.
Área de la Ciencia:
- La genómica es la genómica.
- Biología Vegetal Biología Vegetal Biología Vegetal
- Biología evolutiva Biología evolutiva.
Sus antecedentes:
- Las coníferas son dominantes forestales ecológicamente y económicamente vitales.
- Las gimnospermas, incluidas las coníferas, representan un antiguo linaje de plantas.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para presentar el primer proyecto de ensamblaje del genoma del abeto noruego (Picea abies).
- Para investigar las razones detrás del gran tamaño del genoma en las coníferas.
- Explorar los recursos genómicos para la silvicultura y la cría de coníferas.
Principales métodos:
- Proyecto de ensamblaje del genoma del abeto noruego (20 gigabases).
- Secuenciación comparativa de múltiples especies de coníferas.
- Análisis del número de genes, elementos transponibles y expresión de ARN pequeño.
Principales resultados:
- El genoma del abeto noruego tiene 28.354 genes, similares a los de la Arabidopsis thaliana.
- El gran tamaño del genoma se atribuye a la acumulación de elementos transponibles repetidos de terminales largas.
- Se observó una baja expresión de ARN pequeños de 24 nucleótidos, lo que sugiere un mecanismo de silenciamiento diferente.
- Identificación de intrones largos, fragmentos de genes y ARN no codificantes.
Conclusiones:
- El genoma del abeto noruego proporciona un recurso fundamental para la genómica de las gimnospermas.
- La acumulación de elementos transponibles, en lugar de la duplicación de genes, explica los grandes genomas de las coníferas.
- Los conocimientos genómicos allanan el camino para los avances en la silvicultura de coníferas y los programas de mejoramiento.
Videos de Conceptos Relacionados
02:54Evolutionary Relationships through Genome Comparisons
Genome comparison is one of the excellent ways to interpret the evolutionary relationships between organisms. The basic principle of genome comparison is that if two species share a common feature, it is likely encoded by the DNA sequence conserved between both species. The advent of genome sequencing technologies in the late 20th century enabled scientists to understand the concept of conservation of domains between species and helped them to deduce evolutionary relationships across diverse...
02:51Multi-species Conserved Sequences
Next-generation sequencing technologies have created large genomic databases of a variety of animals and plants. Ever since the human genome project was completed, scientists studied the genome of primates, mammals, and other phylogenetically distant living beings. Such large-scale studies have provided new insights into the evolutionary relationship between organisms.
Although the genome of each species varies greatly from each other, a few sequences are highly conserved. Such conserved DNA...
Although the genome of each species varies greatly from each other, a few sequences are highly conserved. Such conserved DNA...
03:21Genome Size and the Evolution of New Genes
While every living organism has a genome of some kind (be it RNA, or DNA), there is considerable variation in the sizes of these blueprints. One major factor that impacts genome size is whether the organism is prokaryotic or eukaryotic. In prokaryotes, the genome contains little to no non-coding sequence, such that genes are tightly clustered in groups or operons sequentially along the chromosome. Conversely, the genes in eukaryotes are punctuated by long stretches of non-coding sequence.
03:21Genome Size and the Evolution of New Genes
While every living organism has a genome of some kind (be it RNA, or DNA), there is considerable variation in the sizes of these blueprints. One major factor that impacts genome size is whether the organism is prokaryotic or eukaryotic. In prokaryotes, the genome contains little to no non-coding sequence, such that genes are tightly clustered in groups or operons sequentially along the chromosome. Conversely, the genes in eukaryotes are punctuated by long stretches of non-coding sequence.
02:02Genomics
Genomics is the science of genomes: it is the study of all the genetic material of an organism. In humans, the genome consists of information carried in 23 pairs of chromosomes in the nucleus, as well as mitochondrial DNA. In genomics, both coding and non-coding DNA is sequenced and analyzed. Genomics allows a better understanding of all living things, their evolution, and their diversity. It has a myriad of uses: for example, to build phylogenetic trees, to improve productivity and...
03:00Next-generation Sequencing
The first human genome sequencing project cost $2.7 billion and was declared complete in 2003, after 15 years of international cooperation and collaboration between several research teams and funding agencies. Today, with the advent of next-generation sequencing technologies, the cost and time of sequencing a human genome have dropped over 100 fold.
Next-Generation Sequencing Methods
Although all next-generation methods use different technologies, they all share a set of standard features.
Next-Generation Sequencing Methods
Although all next-generation methods use different technologies, they all share a set of standard features.