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The Extracellular Matrix01:42

The Extracellular Matrix

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The Extracellular Matrix01:29

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In order to maintain tissue organization, many animal cells are surrounded by structural molecules that make up the extracellular matrix (ECM). Together, the molecules in the ECM maintain the structural integrity of tissue as well as the remarkable specific properties of certain tissues.
Composition of the Extracellular Matrix
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is commonly composed of ground substance, a gel-like fluid, fibrous components, and many structurally and functionally diverse...
Extracellular Matrix01:26

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Unlike epithelial tissue, which is composed of cells closely packed with little or no extracellular space in between, connective tissue cells are dispersed in a matrix. This extracellular matrix (ECM) is composed of fibrous proteins like collagen, elastin, and fibronectin in a ground substance consisting of interstitial fluid, cell adhesion proteins, and proteoglycans. The proteoglycans form a gel-like material in the spaces between cells and provide hydration, buffering, binding, and force...
Role of Matrix Metalloproteases in Degradation of ECM01:23

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Matrix metalloproteases (MMPs) are enzymes involved in the hydrolysis of proteins and glycoproteins of the extracellular matrix. MMPs are essential for the migration and proliferation of cells through the dense matrix network, throughout embryonic development, and throughout morphogenesis. The first MMP activity discovered was a collagenase in a tadpole's tail undergoing metamorphosis. The active collagen deposition and modifications lead to the morphogenesis of tadpoles into the adult body.
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Overview of Cell-Matrix Interactions01:24

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The extracellular matrix or ECM holds cells together to form a tissue and allows the cells within the tissue to communicate. ECM comprises proteins such as fibronectin, collagen, laminin, etc. The most abundant protein in this space is collagen. Collagen fibers are interwoven with carbohydrate-containing protein molecules called proteoglycans. ECM allows cell migration and provides a structural scaffold at cell adhesion that anchors the cell when the extracellular matrix proteins interact with...
Cell-matrix's Response to Mechanical Forces01:13

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In animal cells, the extracellular matrix allows cells within tissues to withstand external stresses and transmits signals from the outside of the cell to the inside. The extracellular matrix is extensive, and its composition varies between different types of tissues. For example, the reticular fibers and ground substance make up the ECM in loose connective tissue, while collagen and bone minerals make up the ECM of bone tissue. 
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Using Cell-substrate Impedance and Live Cell Imaging to Measure Real-time Changes in Cellular Adhesion and De-adhesion Induced by Matrix Modification
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Published on: February 19, 2015

Un catalizador de disulfuro secretado controla la composición y la función de la matriz extracelular.

Tal Ilani1, Assaf Alon, Iris Grossman

  • 1Department of Structural Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel. tal.ilani@weizmann.ac.il

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|May 25, 2013
PubMed
Resumen
Este resumen es generado por máquina.

Quiescin sulfhydryl oxidase 1 (QSOX1) es crucial para la incorporación de la laminina en la matriz extracelular (ECM). Sin QSOX1, el ECM es defectuoso, perjudicando la adhesión celular y la migración.

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A Rapid, Scalable Method for the Isolation, Functional Study, and Analysis of Cell-derived Extracellular Matrix

Published on: January 4, 2017

Área de la Ciencia:

  • La bioquímica es la bioquímica.
  • Biología celular Biología celular.
  • Biología de la matriz extracelular Biología de la matriz extracelular

Sus antecedentes:

  • La formación de enlaces disulfuro en proteínas secretoras ocurre típicamente en el retículo endoplasmático (ER).
  • Quiescin sulfhydryl oxidase 1 (QSOX1) es un inusual catalizador disulfuro que se encuentra en el aparato de Golgi o secretado.
  • Las funciones extracelulares de QSOX1 permanecen en gran medida sin caracterizar.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Investigar el papel fisiológico de la Quiescin sulfhydryl oxidase 1 (QSOX1) extracelular en la formación de nuevos enlaces disulfuro.
  • Para determinar el impacto de QSOX1 en la composición y función de la matriz extracelular (ECM).
  • Para evaluar los efectos de la inhibición de QSOX1 en los procesos celulares como la adhesión y la migración.

Principales métodos:

  • Utilizó ensayos bioquímicos para medir la actividad de QSOX1 en entornos extracelulares.
  • Generó y empleó un anticuerpo monoclonal para inhibir la función QSOX1.
  • Se analizó la composición de la matriz extracelular (ECM) sintetizada por los fibroblastos con y sin actividad QSOX1.
  • Se evaluó la adhesión de la matriz celular y la migración celular utilizando ensayos funcionales.

Principales resultados:

  • La actividad de QSOX1 fue esencial para la correcta incorporación de la laminina en el ECM sintetizado por los fibroblastos.
  • La ECM que carece de actividad QSOX1 exhibió defectos en el apoyo a la adhesión de la matriz celular.
  • La inhibición de QSOX1 utilizando un anticuerpo monoclonal alteró las propiedades del ECM y redujo la migración celular.

Conclusiones:

  • El QSOX1 extracelular juega un papel crítico en el ensamblaje y la integridad del ECM.
  • La formación de enlaces disulfuro mediados por QSOX1 es vital para la adhesión y migración celular dependientes del ECM.
  • Dirigirse a QSOX1 ofrece una estrategia potencial para modular las propiedades ECM y el comportamiento celular.