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Conglomerados fluviales marcianos en el cráter Gale
R M E Williams1, J P Grotzinger, W E Dietrich
1Planetary Science Institute, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA. williams@psi.edu
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|June 1, 2013
Resumen
El antiguo Marte tenía ríos que fluían capaces de mover guijarros, lo que indica un pasado más cálido y húmedo. Estos hallazgos del cráter Gale sugieren diferencias climáticas significativas con respecto a las condiciones frías y secas de hoy.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Ciencias planetarias Ciencias planetarias.
- Geología Geología Geología.
- Astrobiología Astrobiología.
Sus antecedentes:
- El cráter Gale en Marte exhibe características geológicas.
- La misión del Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) investiga la geología marciana.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para analizar los conglomerados sedimentarios encontrados en el cráter Gale.
- Para determinar las condiciones ambientales necesarias para su formación.
Principales métodos:
- Mast Camera (Mastcam) tomando imágenes de los afloramientos de guijarros.
- Análisis químico utilizando espectros de emisión de ChemCam.
Principales resultados:
- Se observaron guijarros cementados (2-40 mm) y granos de arena con texturas de conglomerado fluvial.
- Los guijarros redondeados sugieren una abrasión significativa por el agua.
- Los datos de ChemCam indican una composición feldspática con una mínima alteración acuosa.
- Hay evidencia de flujos de agua con profundidades de 0,03-0,9 m y velocidades de 0,20-0,75 m/s.
Conclusiones:
- Los antiguos flujos de agua en el cráter Gale eran lo suficientemente sustanciales como para transportar guijarros.
- El clima pasado de Marte era significativamente más cálido y húmedo que el actual ambiente hiperárido.
- Estas condiciones apoyaron extensos procesos fluviales a lo largo de kilómetros.
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