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Intervenciones basadas en la evidencia para mejorar la nutrición materna e infantil: ¿qué se puede hacer y a qué
Zulfiqar A Bhutta1, Jai K Das1, Arjumand Rizvi1
1Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan.
Lancet (London, England)
|June 11, 2013
Resumen
Mejorar las intervenciones de nutrición materna e infantil puede prevenir el 15% de las muertes en niños menores de cinco años. La ampliación de diez intervenciones nutricionales basadas en la evidencia y el acceso a la sal yodada es crucial para evitar el retraso en el crecimiento y mejorar los resultados mundiales de salud infantil.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Salud Pública La salud pública.
- Ciencia de la nutrición Ciencia de la nutrición.
- Salud Global La salud global.
Sus antecedentes:
- La desnutrición materna es una causa importante de mortalidad neonatal, contribuyendo a 800.000 muertes al año.
- El retraso en el crecimiento, el desgaste y las deficiencias de micronutrientes están vinculados a aproximadamente 3,1 millones de muertes infantiles cada año.
- Investigaciones anteriores, incluida la serie The Lancet en 2008, han establecido la efectividad de las intervenciones nutricionales.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Actualizar exhaustivamente la evidencia sobre las intervenciones para la desnutrición materna e infantil y las deficiencias de micronutrientes.
- Modelar el impacto de las intervenciones nutricionales basadas en la evidencia en las vidas salvadas y los costos en los países con una carga alta.
- Evaluar el papel de las plataformas de entrega, incluidos los trabajadores de salud comunitarios, en la mejora del acceso y la absorción.
Principales métodos:
- Realizó una actualización exhaustiva de las intervenciones para abordar la desnutrición y las deficiencias de micronutrientes.
- Utilizó métodos estándar para evaluar nuevas evidencias para plataformas y estrategias de entrega.
- Modelado el efecto de las intervenciones en las vidas salvadas y los costos en 34 países con la mayor carga de retraso en el crecimiento infantil.
Principales resultados:
- El acceso a diez intervenciones nutricionales basadas en la evidencia con una cobertura del 90% podría reducir las muertes en niños menores de cinco años en un 15%.
- Un mejor acceso a la sal yodada puede aliviar eficazmente la deficiencia de yodo y mejorar los resultados de salud.
- Aproximadamente una quinta parte de la carga actual de retraso en el crecimiento puede evitarse a través de un mejor acceso a la intervención.
Conclusiones:
- La ampliación de diez intervenciones directas de nutrición en 34 países de enfoque requiere un estimado adicional de Int $ 9.6 mil millones anuales.
- La inversión continua en intervenciones específicas de nutrición, utilizando el compromiso de la comunidad y estrategias de entrega efectivas, es vital.
- La vinculación de enfoques específicos de nutrición con estrategias sensibles a la nutrición (por ejemplo, el empoderamiento de las mujeres, los sistemas alimentarios) puede acelerar el progreso en los países con una carga alta.
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