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Las señales distintivas del envejecimiento.
Carlos López-Otín1, Maria A Blasco, Linda Partridge
1Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Instituto Universitario de Oncología (IUOPA), Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain.
Cell
|June 11, 2013
Resumen
El envejecimiento implica una disminución de las funciones corporales, aumentando el riesgo de enfermedad. Esta revisión detalla nueve características del envejecimiento, como la inestabilidad genómica y la senescencia celular, que ofrecen objetivos para un envejecimiento más saludable.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Gerontología y Biología Molecular.
- Se centra en los mecanismos biológicos subyacentes al envejecimiento entre especies.
Sus antecedentes:
- El envejecimiento es un factor de riesgo primario para las principales enfermedades humanas, incluido el cáncer y los trastornos neurodegenerativos.
- Los avances recientes revelan que la tasa de envejecimiento está influenciada por vías genéticas y bioquímicas conservadas.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Revisar y enumerar las principales características del envejecimiento.
- Para enfatizar los denominadores comunes del envejecimiento en los mamíferos.
Principales métodos:
- Revisión de la literatura de la investigación reciente sobre el envejecimiento.
- Identificación y enumeración de nueve señales de envejecimiento.
Principales resultados:
- Se identificaron nueve señales distintivas: inestabilidad genómica, desgaste de los telómeros, alteraciones epigenéticas, pérdida de la proteostasis, desregulación de la detección de nutrientes, disfunción mitocondrial, senescencia celular, agotamiento de las células madre y comunicación intercelular alterada.
- Estas características son comunes al envejecimiento en diferentes organismos, particularmente en los mamíferos.
Conclusiones:
- Comprender la interconexión de estas características es crucial para la investigación del envejecimiento.
- La identificación de objetivos farmacéuticos basados en estas características puede conducir a intervenciones para un envejecimiento humano más saludable con efectos secundarios mínimos.
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