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Mechanisms of Heat Transfer I01:14

Mechanisms of Heat Transfer I

5.8K
Just as interesting as the effects of heat transfer on a system are the methods by which the heat transfer occur. Whenever there is a temperature difference, heat transfer occurs. It may occur rapidly, such as through a cooking pan, or slowly, such as through the walls of a picnic ice box. So many processes involve heat transfer that it is hard to imagine a situation where no heat transfer occurs. Yet, every heat transfer takes place by only three methods: conduction, convection, and radiation.
5.8K
Mechanisms of Heat Transfer II01:20

Mechanisms of Heat Transfer II

4.5K
In convection, thermal energy is carried by the large-scale flow of matter. Ocean currents and large-scale atmospheric circulation, which result from the buoyancy of warm air and water, transfer hot air from the tropics toward the poles and cold air from the poles toward the tropics. The Earth’s rotation interacts with those flows, causing the observed eastward flow of air in the temperate zones. Convection dominates heat transfer by air, and the amount of available space for the airflow...
4.5K
P-N junction01:11

P-N junction

1.7K
A p-n junction is formed when p-type and n-type semiconductor materials are joined together. At the interface of the p-n junction, holes from the p-side and electrons from the n-side begin to diffuse into the opposite sides due to the concentration gradient. This diffusion of carriers leads to a region around the junction where there are no free charge carriers, known as the depletion region. The charge density within the depletion region for the n-side and p-side can be described by the...
1.7K
Metal-Semiconductor Junctions01:24

Metal-Semiconductor Junctions

1.4K
The contact of metal and semiconductor can lead to the formation of a junction with either Schottky or Ohmic behavior.
Schottky Barriers
Schottky barriers arise when a metal with a work function (Φm) contacts a semiconductor with a different work function (Φs). Initially, electrons transfer until the Fermi levels of the metal and semiconductor align at equilibrium. For instance, if Φm > Φs, the semiconductor Fermi level is higher than the metal's before contact. The...
1.4K
Biasing of Metal-Semiconductor Junctions01:27

Biasing of Metal-Semiconductor Junctions

907
Biasing metal-semiconductor junctions involves applying a voltage across the junction. Specifically, the metal is connected to a voltage source, while the semiconductor is grounded. This technique is essential for controlling the direction and magnitude of current flow in electronic devices, including diodes, transistors, and photovoltaic cells.
In Schottky junctions, where the semiconductor is n-type, applying a positive voltage to the metal relative to the semiconductor reduces its Fermi...
907
Mechanisms of Heat Transfer01:14

Mechanisms of Heat Transfer

1.9K
Heat transfer between the human body and its environment occurs through four main mechanisms: conduction, convection, radiation, and evaporation.
Conduction, accounting for approximately 3% of body heat loss at rest, is the process of exchanging heat between molecules of two materials in direct contact. This can result in both heat loss and gain. For instance, when the body is submerged in water, which conducts heat 20 times more effectively than air, it can either lose or gain significant...
1.9K

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Characterization of Thermal Transport in One-dimensional Solid Materials
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Characterization of Thermal Transport in One-dimensional Solid Materials

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La disipación del calor en las uniones a escala atómica.

Woochul Lee1, Kyeongtae Kim, Wonho Jeong

  • 1Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA.

Nature
|June 15, 2013
PubMed
Resumen
Este resumen es generado por máquina.

Los investigadores investigaron la disipación del calor en las uniones atómicas y moleculares. Descubrieron que la transmisión electrónica dependiente de la energía causa un flujo de calor asimétrico, lo que hace avanzar la comprensión del transporte térmico a nanoescala.

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Física de la materia condensada Física de la materia condensada
  • Nanotecnología La nanotecnología es la nanotecnología.
  • El transporte cuántico de transporte.

Sus antecedentes:

  • Las uniones atómicas y de una sola molécula empujan los límites de la miniaturización de circuitos eléctricos.
  • Sirven como plataformas para probar teorías de transporte cuántico en dispositivos a nanoescala.
  • Si bien se estudian los fenómenos eléctricos y termoeléctricos, la disipación del calor sigue siendo difícil de caracterizar.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Para investigar la disipación del calor en los electrodos de las uniones de una sola molécula.
  • Comprender la relación entre las características de transmisión electrónica y la disipación de calor.
  • Establecer un marco para la disipación del calor en sistemas mesoscópicos con transporte elástico.

Principales métodos:

  • Utilizó sondas de escaneo hechas a medida con termopares integrados a nanoescala.
  • Se investigó la disipación de calor en uniones de oro de una sola molécula ("molecular") y de pocos átomos ("atómicos").
  • Se analizó la asimetría de disipación de calor basada en la polaridad de sesgo y el tipo de portador de carga (electrones frente a agujeros).

Principales resultados:

  • Descubrió que las características de transmisión dependientes de la energía conducen a una disipación asimétrica del calor en las uniones moleculares.
  • Se observó que esta asimetría depende de la polaridad de sesgo y de los portadores de carga (electrones/agujeros).
  • Las uniones atómicas con débil dependencia energética no mostraron asimetría significativa.

Conclusiones:

  • Las características de transmisión electrónica se correlacionan directamente con las propiedades de disipación de calor en las uniones a escala atómica.
  • Estableció un marco para comprender la disipación de calor en sistemas mesoscópicos con transporte elástico.
  • Abrió el camino para los estudios experimentales de los efectos de Peltier a escala atómica y el transporte de calor.