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Cobertura universal de salud en Turquía: mejora de la equidad
Rifat Atun1, Sabahattin Aydın, Sarbani Chakraborty
1Imperial College London, London, UK. r.atun@imperial.ac.uk
Lancet (London, England)
|July 2, 2013
Resumen
Turquía Turquía Turquía Turquía
Área de la Ciencia:
- Investigación de políticas y sistemas de salud.
- Salud pública La salud pública es la salud pública.
- Economía de la salud economía de la salud.
Sus antecedentes:
- Turquía ha llevado a cabo reformas del sistema de salud para lograr la cobertura universal de salud.
- Se identificaron desigualdades significativas en la financiación de la salud, el acceso y los resultados.
- El Programa de Transformación de la Salud (HTP) fue una iniciativa clave de 2003-2013.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Analizar los impulsores, el diseño y la implementación del Programa de Transformación de la Salud de Turquía (HTP).
- Identificar los factores que contribuyen al éxito del HTP en el logro de la cobertura universal de salud.
- Evaluar los efectos del HTP en los objetivos del sistema de salud y la equidad.
Principales métodos:
- Análisis retrospectivo de las reformas del sistema de salud en Turquía.
- Examen del período del Programa de Transformación de la Salud (HTP, por sus siglas en inglés) (2003-2013).
- Análisis de los impulsores contextuales, estrategias de implementación y resultados.
Principales resultados:
- El HTP mejoró significativamente la cobertura universal de salud y la equidad.
- Mejoras observadas en el acceso a los servicios de salud, especialmente para la salud materna e infantil.
- Reducción de las tasas de mortalidad (materna, menores de 5 años, lactantes, neonatales), especialmente en grupos desfavorecidos.
- Consolidación de los regímenes de seguros en un seguro de salud general unificado.
- Aumento de la cobertura de seguros para las poblaciones más pobres de 2,4 millones (2003) a 10,2 millones (2011).
Conclusiones:
- El Programa de Transformación de la Salud (HTP) fue instrumental para lograr la cobertura universal de salud y mejorar la equidad en salud en Turquía.
- Los factores de éxito incluyeron el crecimiento económico, la estabilidad política, el liderazgo estratégico y las mejoras simultáneas de la oferta y la demanda.
- Beneficios cuantificables en todos los objetivos del sistema de salud, incluida la satisfacción del usuario y la protección financiera.
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