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Videos de Conceptos Relacionados

Phase Transitions02:31

Phase Transitions

Whether solid, liquid, or gas, a substance's state depends on the order and arrangement of its particles (atoms, molecules, or ions). Particles in the solid pack closely together, generally in a pattern. The particles vibrate about their fixed positions but do not move or squeeze past their neighbors. In liquids, although the particles are closely spaced, they are randomly arranged. The position of the particles are not fixed—that is, they are free to move past their neighbors to occupy...
Phase Transitions01:21

Phase Transitions

A phase transition is the process in which a substance changes from one state of matter to another, like from a solid to a liquid, liquid to gas, or vice versa, at a specific temperature and under given pressure conditions. This change is spontaneous and is affected by alterations in temperature and pressure. These parameters impact the strength of the forces between molecules (intermolecular forces) in the substance.During a phase transition, both the initial and final phases of the substance...
Phase Transitions: Melting and Freezing02:39

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Heating a crystalline solid increases the average energy of its atoms, molecules, or ions, and the solid gets hotter. At some point, the added energy becomes large enough to partially overcome the forces holding the molecules or ions of the solid in their fixed positions, and the solid begins the process of transitioning to the liquid state or melting. At this point, the temperature of the solid stops rising, despite the continual input of heat, and it remains constant until all of the solid is...
Phase Transitions: Sublimation and Deposition02:33

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Some solids can transition directly into the gaseous state, bypassing the liquid state, via a process known as sublimation. At room temperature and standard pressure, a piece of dry ice (solid CO2) sublimes, appearing to gradually disappear without ever forming any liquid. Snow and ice sublimate at temperatures below the melting point of water, a slow process that may be accelerated by winds and the reduced atmospheric pressures at high altitudes. When solid iodine is warmed, the solid sublimes...
Phase Transitions: Vaporization and Condensation02:39

Phase Transitions: Vaporization and Condensation

The physical form of a substance changes on changing its temperature. For example, raising the temperature of a liquid causes the liquid to vaporize (convert into vapor). The process is called vaporization—a surface phenomenon. Vaporization occurs when the thermal motion of the molecules overcome the intermolecular forces, and the molecules (at the surface) escape into the gaseous state. When a liquid vaporizes in a closed container, gas molecules cannot escape. As these gas phase molecules...
Phase Diagram01:19

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The phase of a given substance depends on the pressure and temperature. Thus, plots of pressure versus temperature showing the phase in each region provide considerable insights into the thermal properties of substances. Such plots are known as phase diagrams. For instance, in the phase diagram for water (Figure 1), the solid curve boundaries between the phases indicate phase transitions (i.e., temperatures and pressures at which the phases coexist).

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Las transiciones de fase estructural inducidas por la temperatura en una red de autoensamblaje bidimensional.

Matthew O Blunt1, Jinne Adisoejoso, Kazukuni Tahara

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Laboratory of Photochemistry and Spectroscopy, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200 F B2404, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium. m.blunt@ucl.ac.uk

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|July 9, 2013
PubMed
Resumen

Los investigadores estudiaron la transición de fase estructural de moléculas autoensambladas en una superficie. Descubrieron que considerar el disolvente es crucial para modelar con precisión las redes porosas, lo que afecta a los futuros modelos predictivos para el autoensamblaje 2D.

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Se trata de una química supramolecular.
  • Ciencias de la superficie Ciencias de la superficie.
  • La termodinámica es la termodinámica.

Sus antecedentes:

  • El autoensamblaje supramolecular bidimensional (2D) en las interfaces líquido-sólido es complejo, a menudo produciendo diversas estructuras a partir de bloques de construcción moleculares idénticos.
  • Comprender los factores que rigen la formación de diferentes morfologías de red es clave para controlar el autoensamblaje.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Para investigar una transición de fase estructural entre las fases densamente empaquetadas y porosas de un derivado de un deshidrobenzo[12]annuleno (DBA) alquilado.
  • Para determinar los parámetros termodinámicos (entalpia y entropía) de esta transición.
  • Para comparar los hallazgos experimentales con simulaciones y cálculos teóricos, haciendo hincapié en el papel del disolvente.

Principales métodos:

  • Se empleó microscopía de túnel de barrido (STM) para observar las estructuras autoensambladas.
  • Se estudió sistemáticamente la influencia de la temperatura y la concentración en las fases estructurales.
  • Se utilizó un modelo termodinámico para cuantificar los cambios de entalpía y entropía.

Principales resultados:

  • Se observó una clara transición de fase estructural entre una fase densa y una fase porosa del derivado DBA.
  • Se midieron con éxito los cambios de entalpía y entropía asociados con la transición.
  • Los resultados experimentales mostraron una buena concordancia con los cálculos teóricos cuando se incorporaron los efectos del disolvente.

Conclusiones:

  • El estudio destaca la importancia crítica de incluir los efectos del disolvente en los modelos de redes porosas autoensambladas.
  • Las transiciones de fase estructurales proporcionan un enfoque poderoso para investigar la termodinámica del autoensamblaje 2D.
  • Estos hallazgos ayudarán a desarrollar modelos predictivos más precisos para el autoensamblaje supramolecular 2D.