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Inducción de Treg por una mezcla racionalmente seleccionada de cepas de Clostridia de la microbiota humana
Koji Atarashi1, Takeshi Tanoue, Kenshiro Oshima
1RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (IMS-RCAI), 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan.
Nature
|July 12, 2013
Resumen
Los investigadores aislaron 17 cepas bacterianas beneficiosas de la microbiota intestinal humana que inducen eficazmente las células T (Treg) reguladoras. Estas cepas de Clostridia, cuando se administran juntas, muestran potencial para el tratamiento de enfermedades inflamatorias y alérgicas mediante la modulación del sistema inmunológico.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Microbiología Microbiología.
- Inmunología Inmunología.
- Gastroenterología y Gastroenterología.
Sus antecedentes:
- La manipulación de la microbiota intestinal es prometedora para las enfermedades inflamatorias y alérgicas.
- Existe la necesidad de probióticos más efectivos y compatibles con el huésped dirigidos a respuestas inmunológicas específicas.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para aislar racionalmente las bacterias intestinales humanas que inducen las células T (Treg) reguladoras CD4 ((+)) FOXP3 ((+)).
- Identificar cepas bacterianas con potencial terapéutico para trastornos inmunomediados.
Principales métodos:
- Utilizó un proceso de selección racional comenzando con muestras fecales humanas para enriquecer las especies inductoras de células Treg en ratones.
- Se aislaron y caracterizaron 17 cepas bacterianas basadas en su capacidad para aumentar la abundancia de células Treg y la producción de moléculas antiinflamatorias (IL-10, ICOS).
- Se realizó la secuenciación del genoma para identificar especies bacterianas y evaluar la presencia de toxinas/factores de virulencia.
Principales resultados:
- Se aislaron 17 potentes cepas bacterianas inductoras de células Treg, pertenecientes a los grupos IV, XIVa y XVIII de Clostridia.
- Estas cepas carecen de toxinas prominentes y factores de virulencia.
- La administración oral de la combinación de 17 cepas atenuó la colitis y la diarrea alérgica en modelos de ratón.
Conclusiones:
- La comunidad bacteriana identificada promueve la expansión y diferenciación de las células Treg a través de antígenos y un entorno rico en TGF-β.
- Estas cepas ofrecen una estrategia potencial para la manipulación terapéutica personalizada de los trastornos inmunológicos humanos.
- Este descubrimiento avanza en el desarrollo de probióticos dirigidos para condiciones inflamatorias y alérgicas.
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