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Una capacidad latente para la innovación evolutiva a través de la exaptación en los sistemas metabólicos

Aditya Barve¹, Andreas Wagner

¹Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Sciences, Building Y27, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland.

|July 16, 2013

Resumen

Muchas innovaciones evolutivas, como los rasgos metabólicos, pueden surgir como exaptaciones no adaptativas. Este estudio revela que las adaptaciones en las redes metabólicas a menudo proporcionan múltiples funciones no deseadas, lo que sugiere orígenes más no adaptativos de lo que se pensaba anteriormente.

Área de la Ciencia:

Biología evolutiva Biología evolutiva.
Las redes metabólicas son redes
La bioquímica es la bioquímica.

Sus antecedentes:

Las innovaciones evolutivas pueden surgir de manera no adaptativa como exaptaciones (subproductos de otros rasgos).
Los ejemplos incluyen plumas antes del vuelo y cristalinas de lentes originadas como enzimas.
La frecuencia de los orígenes no adaptativos para los rasgos adaptativos es crucial pero difícil de estudiar.

Objetivo del estudio:

Investigar la prevalencia de orígenes no adaptativos en los sistemas metabólicos.
Analizar la capacidad de las redes metabólicas para sintetizar biomasa a partir de una sola fuente de carbono.
Explorar las implicaciones de las exaptaciones en el metabolismo para la biología evolutiva.

Principales métodos:

Muestreo computacional de redes metabólicas aleatorias capaces de sostener la vida.
Análisis de la viabilidad de la red en varias fuentes de carbono.
Utilizando nuevos enfoques computacionales para modelar las reacciones bioquímicas.

Principales resultados:

Las redes metabólicas viables en una fuente de carbono a menudo exhiben viabilidad en numerosas otras.
Las adaptaciones en los sistemas metabólicos suelen dar lugar a múltiples exaptaciones potenciales.
La viabilidad de la glucosa, por ejemplo, puede conferir viabilidad a hasta 44 fuentes adicionales de carbono.

Conclusiones:

Los sistemas metabólicos poseen un potencial inherente para innovaciones evolutivas con orígenes no adaptativos.
Un número significativo de rasgos metabólicos pueden tener orígenes no adaptativos.
Distinguir entre rasgos adaptativos y no adaptativos en el metabolismo presenta un desafío.

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