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Alimentación de erupciones andesíticas con una conexión de alta velocidad desde el manto
Philipp Ruprecht1, Terry Plank
1Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University, 61 Route 9W, Palisades, New York 10964, USA. ruprecht@ldeo.columbia.edu
Nature
|August 2, 2013
Resumen
Los magmas derivados del manto pueden viajar a través de la gruesa corteza en meses o años, recargando los volcanes durante las erupciones. Este estudio revela un rápido ascenso de magma utilizando análisis de cristales de olivino, lo que sugiere un monitoreo más profundo de los disturbios volcánicos.
Área de la Ciencia:
- La geoquímica es la geoquímica.
- Volcanología Volcanología.
- Petrología Petrología.
Sus antecedentes:
- El vulcanismo del margen convergente se origina en magmas generados por el manto.
- Los procesos de la corteza como el enfriamiento y la mezcla de magma oscurecen la conexión manto-erupción.
- Los métodos geofísicos tienen limitaciones en la obtención de imágenes de la dinámica del magma de la corteza inferior y media.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para determinar las escalas de tiempo del ascenso de magma derivado del manto a través de la corteza.
- Para entender la rapidez con que se recargan las cámaras de magma de la corteza terrestre.
- Para investigar el vínculo entre las fuentes del manto y la actividad volcánica superficial.
Principales métodos:
- Modelado de difusión utilizado de perfiles de zonificación del níquel en olivinas primitivas.
- Analizó los cristales de olivina de las fusiones primarias en erupciones volcánicas.
- Aplicó el método al volcán Irazú, Costa Rica.
Principales resultados:
- La recarga del manto puede ocurrir en escalas de tiempo comparables a las duraciones de la erupción.
- Los magmas en el volcán Irazú ascienden a través de ~ 35 km de corteza en meses a años.
- Las cámaras de magma poco profundas en los estratovolcanes pueden retener registros de orígenes del manto profundo.
Conclusiones:
- El estudio demuestra el rápido tránsito de magma desde el manto a la superficie en configuraciones de margen convergente.
- El modelado de difusión de olivina proporciona un nuevo enfoque para rastrear las escalas de tiempo de ascenso del magma.
- El futuro monitoreo de disturbios volcánicos debería incorporar el seguimiento del movimiento del magma desde la base de la corteza.
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