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Dinámica iónica en electrodos de carbono porosos en supercondensadores que utilizan la electroquímica del espectro
Francis W Richey1, Boris Dyatkin, Yury Gogotsi
1Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.
Journal of the American Chemical Society
|August 7, 2013
Resumen
Las mediciones directas muestran cómo se mueven los iones en los condensadores electroquímicos de doble capa (EDLC) con diferentes electrodos de carbono. Esto revela mecanismos de carga clave para diseñar mejores supercondensadores.
Área de la Ciencia:
- La electroquímica es electroquímica.
- Ciencia de los materiales Ciencia de los materiales.
- Almacenamiento de energía Almacenamiento de energía
Sus antecedentes:
- Los condensadores electroquímicos de doble capa (EDLC) ofrecen una alta potencia y una larga vida útil, superando a las baterías.
- Los electrolitos líquidos iónicos (IL) mejoran los EDLC ampliando el voltaje de funcionamiento y aumentando la densidad de energía.
- Comprender la dinámica iónica dentro de los electrodos EDLC es crucial para optimizar el rendimiento.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para medir directamente la dinámica iónica en el funcionamiento de EDLCs utilizando carbonos derivados de carburos porosos (CDC) y carbonos no porosos similares a cebollas (OLC).
- Para dilucidar los mecanismos de almacenamiento de carga en diferentes arquitecturas de electrodos de carbono.
- Para investigar la influencia de los electrolitos mezclados en el transporte de iones en los nanoporos CDC.
Principales métodos:
- Se empleó la electroquímica espectral infrarroja in situ para monitorear el comportamiento de los iones durante la operación del EDLC.
- Observación directa de la dinámica de los iones 1-etil-3-metilimidazolio bis (((trifluorometil) sulfonil) imida dentro de los electrodos CDC y OLC.
- Análisis del transporte iónico en electrolitos mixtos de IL y carbonato de propileno (PC) dentro de los electrodos CDC.
Principales resultados:
- Se observó que los iones IL entraban y salían de los nanoporos CDC durante la carga y descarga de EDLC.
- Para los electrodos OLC, los iones IL permanecieron cerca de la superficie, lo que indica el almacenamiento de carga basado en la superficie sin transporte a granel.
- En electrolitos mixtos, se observó la entrada de iones IL en los nanoporos CDC, y la entrada de PC fue dependiente de la concentración de IL.
Conclusiones:
- La evidencia experimental confirma mecanismos distintos de transporte de iones para los electrodos CDC y OLC en los EDLC.
- La observación directa valida los modelos teóricos de los mecanismos de carga del EDLC.
- Las ideas sobre el transporte de iones a nivel molecular guiarán el diseño de materiales de electrodos avanzados para mejorar el almacenamiento de energía eléctrica.
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