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Las pérdidas de nitrógeno en los sedimentos marinos anóxicos impulsadas por los consorcios bacterianos

M G Prokopenko¹, M B Hirst, L De Brabandere

¹Department of Geology, Pomona College, Claremont, California 91711, USA. prokopen@usc.edu

|August 9, 2013

Resumen

Los sedimentos marinos almacenan carbono orgánico, pero la vida microbiana está limitada por los recursos. Este estudio revela una nueva simbiosis entre las bacterias anaerobias oxidantes de amonio (anammox) y las especies de Thioploca, que mejoran el ciclo del nitrógeno en estos entornos.

Área de la Ciencia:

Ecología microbiana marina ecología microbiana marina.
Biogeoquímica La biogeoquímica es la bioquímica.
La geomicrobiología es la geomicrobiología.

Sus antecedentes:

Los sedimentos del margen continental son sitios clave para el enterramiento de carbono orgánico y el almacenamiento a largo plazo.
El metabolismo microbiano en estos entornos anóxicos está limitado por la difusión de los aceptores de electrones.
El intercambio simbiótico de metabolitos es una estrategia de los microbios para optimizar el rendimiento energético en hábitats con recursos limitados.

Objetivo del estudio:

Para investigar las interacciones simbióticas microbianas en los ciclos biogeoquímicos sedimentarios marinos.
Identificar y caracterizar nuevos consorcios microbianos en sedimentos marinos anóxicos.
Comprender el papel de la simbiosis en el ciclo del nitrógeno y la pérdida fija de nitrógeno.

Principales métodos:

Análisis moleculares in situ de las comunidades microbianas.
Experimentos basados en la incubación para estudiar el metabolismo microbiano.
Análisis geoquímico de los flujos de soluto bentónico.
Análisis de la composición de isótopos de nitrógeno de nitrato y amonio.

Principales resultados:

Descubrimiento de un nuevo consorcio simbiótico entre bacterias anaerobias oxidantes de amonio (anammox) y especies de Thioploca en la cuenca de Soledad.
Evidencia de que las bacterias anammox dependen de las especies de Thioploca para sustratos metabólicos.
Las bacterias Anammox contribuyen significativamente (57% ± 21%) a la producción total de N2 bentónico.
La simbiosis tioploca-anammox mejora la pérdida fija de nitrógeno en los sedimentos anóxicos.

Conclusiones:

Una nueva simbiosis bacteriana Thioploca-anammox empareja eficientemente los ciclos de carbono, nitrógeno y azufre en los sedimentos marinos.
Esta simbiosis supera las limitaciones de difusión, intensificando las pérdidas bentónicas de nitrógeno fijo.
Las interacciones simbióticas microbianas juegan un papel crítico en el ciclo sedimentario de carbono orgánico y nitrógeno.

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