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Contaminación del agua subterránea con arsénico en toda China
Luis Rodríguez-Lado1, Guifan Sun, Michael Berg
1Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|August 24, 2013
Resumen
Millones de personas en China se enfrentan a riesgos para la salud por las aguas subterráneas contaminadas con arsénico. Un nuevo modelo estadístico identifica áreas inseguras, estimando que 19.6 millones de personas están en riesgo de exposición al arsénico geogénico.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Ciencias ambientales Ciencias ambientales.
- Salud Pública La salud pública.
- La geoquímica es la geoquímica.
Sus antecedentes:
- Las aguas subterráneas contaminadas con arsénico representan una amenaza significativa para la salud en China, reconocida desde la década de 1960.
- Millones de pozos de agua subterránea requieren pruebas para evaluar completamente el alcance de la contaminación por arsénico.
- La contaminación geogénica por arsénico es un problema generalizado que afecta a las fuentes de agua potable.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Desarrollar un modelo de riesgo estadístico para clasificar áreas seguras e inseguras con respecto a la contaminación geogénica por arsénico en China.
- Para estimar la población en riesgo por consumir agua subterránea contaminada con arsénico.
- Para resaltar la magnitud potencial de la amenaza de salud del arsénico en China.
Principales métodos:
- Desarrollo de un modelo de riesgo estadístico.
- Clasificación de áreas seguras e inseguras basadas en la contaminación por arsénico.
- Utilizó las directrices de la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) y el estándar chino de 10 microgramos por litro para el agua potable.
Principales resultados:
- Se estima que 19,6 millones de personas están en riesgo por el consumo de agua subterránea contaminada con arsénico.
- El modelo de riesgo identificó numerosas áreas afectadas por el arsénico en toda China.
- El estudio pone de relieve la considerable magnitud potencial de este problema de salud pública.
Conclusiones:
- El modelo de riesgo estadístico identifica efectivamente las áreas afectadas por la contaminación geogénica por arsénico.
- Una población significativa está en riesgo, lo que subraya la necesidad de pruebas generalizadas de pozos y estrategias de mitigación.
- Se recomiendan más mediciones de campo para validar los hallazgos del modelo y refinar las evaluaciones de riesgo.
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