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Prevalencia y control de la diabetes en adultos chinos
1Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of Ministry of Health, Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, E-Institute of Shanghai Universities, Shanghai, China.
JAMA
|September 5, 2013
Resumen
La diabetes afecta al 11,6% de los adultos chinos, y el 50,1% tiene prediabetes. Estas altas tasas destacan la diabetes como una preocupación significativa de salud pública en China, que requiere atención urgente y estrategias de manejo.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Endocrinología Endocrinología.
- Salud Pública La salud pública.
- Epidemiología La epidemiología.
Sus antecedentes:
- Las enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles, incluida la diabetes, son las principales causas mundiales de mortalidad y carga de enfermedades.
- Comprender la prevalencia de la diabetes y su control es crucial para las iniciativas de salud pública.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para determinar la prevalencia de la diabetes y evaluar el control glucémico entre los adultos chinos.
- Proporcionar datos para las estrategias de salud pública que abordan la diabetes en China.
Principales métodos:
- Una encuesta transversal se llevó a cabo en una muestra nacionalmente representativa de 98.658 adultos chinos en 2010.
- Se midieron los niveles de glucosa plasmática y hemoglobina A1c, con pruebas orales de tolerancia a la glucosa para aquellos sin diabetes diagnosticada.
- La diabetes y la prediabetes se definieron utilizando los criterios de la Asociación Americana de Diabetes de 2010; el control glucémico adecuado se definió como hemoglobina A1c <7.0%.
Principales resultados:
- La prevalencia general de la diabetes fue del 11,6%, con un 8,1% no diagnosticado. La prevalencia de la prediabetes fue del 50,1%.
- La prevalencia de la diabetes aumentó con la edad, la residencia urbana y en las regiones económicamente desarrolladas.
- Sólo el 25,8% de los pacientes diabéticos diagnosticados recibieron tratamiento, y el 39,7% de los tratados lograron un control glucémico adecuado.
Conclusiones:
- El estudio revela una alta prevalencia de diabetes (11,6%) y prediabetes (50,1%) en adultos chinos, afectando potencialmente a más de 113 millones y 493 millones de personas, respectivamente.
- Estos hallazgos subrayan el importante desafío de salud pública planteado por la diabetes en China.
- Se necesitan intervenciones urgentes para mejorar la detección, el tratamiento y el control glucémico de la diabetes en la población china.
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