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Videos de Conceptos Relacionados

Phase Diagrams02:39

Phase Diagrams

A phase diagram combines plots of pressure versus temperature for the liquid-gas, solid-liquid, and solid-gas phase-transition equilibria of a substance. These diagrams indicate the physical states that exist under specific conditions of pressure and temperature and also provide the pressure dependence of the phase-transition temperatures (melting points, sublimation points, boiling points). Regions or areas labeled solid, liquid, and gas represent single phases, while lines or curves represent...
Turbulent Flow: Problem Solving01:09

Turbulent Flow: Problem Solving

Carbonation is a process used to dissolve carbon dioxide gas in a liquid, commonly used in the production of carbonated beverages. Achieving efficient carbonation requires careful control of temperature, pressure, and flow conditions. By adjusting these parameters, carbonation efficiency can be maximized, producing a higher concentration of CO2 in the liquid.
Temperature is a key factor in CO2 solubility. In this case, the CO2 gas and the liquid are cooled to 20°C. Lower temperatures enhance...
Van der Waals Equation01:10

Van der Waals Equation

The ideal gas law is an approximation that works well at high temperatures and low pressures. The van der Waals equation of state (named after the Dutch physicist Johannes van der Waals, 1837−1923) improves it by considering two factors.
First, the attractive forces between molecules, which are stronger at higher densities and reduce the pressure, are considered by adding to the pressure a term equal to the square of the molar density multiplied by a positive coefficient a. Second, the volume...
Carbonation Shrinkage01:24

Carbonation Shrinkage

Atmospheric CO2 penetrates the concrete's pores and, in the presence of moisture, forms carbonic acid, which then reacts with calcium hydroxide in the hydrated cement, forming calcium carbonate. This process reduces the concrete's volume and is termed carbonation shrinkage.
The concrete's permeability is slightly reduced as calcium carbonate produced during the reaction fills its pores. Furthermore, its strength is slightly enhanced as the water released during the reaction facilitates the...
Carbon Dioxide Transport in the Blood01:19

Carbon Dioxide Transport in the Blood

Carbon dioxide (CO2) transport in the blood is critical to human physiology. On average, our body cells produce around 200 mL of CO2 per minute, precisely the quantity expelled by the lungs. This process involves the transportation of CO2 from the tissue cells to the lungs in three primary forms.
Forms of CO2 Transport
1. Dissolved in plasma: A small percentage (7-10%) of CO2 is transported and dissolved directly in the plasma.
2. Carbaminohemoglobin: Just over 20% of CO2 is chemically bound to...
Phase Diagram01:19

Phase Diagram

The phase of a given substance depends on the pressure and temperature. Thus, plots of pressure versus temperature showing the phase in each region provide considerable insights into the thermal properties of substances. Such plots are known as phase diagrams. For instance, in the phase diagram for water (Figure 1), the solid curve boundaries between the phases indicate phase transitions (i.e., temperatures and pressures at which the phases coexist).

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Video Experimental Relacionado

Updated: May 8, 2026

A Uniaxial Compression Experiment with CO2-Bearing Coal Using a Visualized and Constant-Volume Gas-Solid Coupling Test System
10:27

A Uniaxial Compression Experiment with CO2-Bearing Coal Using a Visualized and Constant-Volume Gas-Solid Coupling Test System

Published on: June 12, 2019

Evolución estructural del dióxido de carbono bajo alta presión.

Cheng Lu1, Maosheng Miao, Yanming Ma

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, Jilin University , Changchun 130012, People's Republic of China.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|September 6, 2013
PubMed
Resumen

El dióxido de carbono sólido (CO2) resiste a las estructuras hipervalentes, pero puede formar estables redes coordinadas de 6 veces a presiones extremas. Esto revela conocimientos sobre el carbono.

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A Uniaxial Compression Experiment with CO2-Bearing Coal Using a Visualized and Constant-Volume Gas-Solid Coupling Test System
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A Uniaxial Compression Experiment with CO2-Bearing Coal Using a Visualized and Constant-Volume Gas-Solid Coupling Test System

Published on: June 12, 2019

Achieving Moderate Pressures in Sealed Vessels Using Dry Ice As a Solid CO2 Source
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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Ciencia de los materiales Ciencia de los materiales.
  • Química computacional es la química computacional.
  • Física de las altas presiones Física de las altas presiones

Sus antecedentes:

  • Estabilizar el carbono hipervalente, especialmente con los no metales, es un desafío científico significativo.
  • Investigaciones anteriores se centraron en la síntesis de moléculas orgánicas con altos números de coordinación de carbono.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Para investigar la evolución estructural del dióxido de carbono sólido (CO2) bajo alta presión.
  • Identificar nuevas fases de alta presión del CO2 y comprender los límites de coordinación del carbono.

Principales métodos:

  • Empleado una búsqueda de estructura eficiente utilizando un algoritmo de optimización de enjambre de partículas.
  • Simulación de condiciones de alta presión para predecir estructuras estables de CO2.

Principales resultados:

  • Identificó dos nuevas estructuras coordinadas de 6 veces de CO2 sólido (simetrías Pbcn y Pa3) estables cerca de 1 TPa.
  • Se observó que el CO2 exhibe resistencia a la coordinación más allá de 4 veces, pero puede formar redes de octaedros C-O.
  • Las longitudes de los enlaces C-O en la transición de 4 a 6 veces se acercan a las de los estados de transición de la reacción S(N) 2.

Conclusiones:

  • Demostró la posibilidad de lograr carbono hipervalente de 6 veces en CO2 sólido bajo presión extrema.
  • Proporcionó información sobre la resistividad del carbono hacia la hipervalencia con los no metales.
  • Destacó las barreras energéticas para las reacciones que involucran enlaces C-O en configuraciones hipervalentes.