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Los cigarrillos electrónicos para dejar de fumar: un ensayo controlado aleatorizado.

Christopher Bullen¹, Colin Howe, Murray Laugesen

¹National Institute for Health Innovation, School of Population Health, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.

Lancet (London, England)

|September 14, 2013

Resumen

Los cigarrillos electrónicos (e-cigarrillos) mostraron una eficacia modesta para ayudar a los fumadores a dejar de fumar, similar a los parches de nicotina, con perfiles de seguridad comparables. Se necesita más investigación para determinar su papel en el control del tabaco.

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Área de la Ciencia:

Salud Pública La salud pública.
Medicina de la adicción Medicina de la adicción
Los ensayos clínicos son ensayos clínicos.

Sus antecedentes:

Los cigarrillos electrónicos (e-cigarrillos) entregan nicotina y ayudan a la abstinencia del tabaco, ayudando a los fumadores en sus intentos de dejar de fumar.
Los fumadores usan cada vez más los cigarrillos electrónicos para apoyar los esfuerzos de cesación.

Objetivo del estudio:

Para comparar la efectividad de los cigarrillos electrónicos de nicotina frente a los parches de nicotina para ayudar a los fumadores a dejar el tabaco combustible.

Principales métodos:

Un ensayo pragmático, aleatorizado y controlado de superioridad que involucra a fumadores adultos que buscan dejar de fumar.
Los participantes fueron asignados al azar a cigarrillos electrónicos de nicotina, parches de nicotina o cigarrillos electrónicos de placebo con apoyo conductual.
El resultado primario fue la abstinencia continua verificada bioquímicamente a los 6 meses.

Principales resultados:

Los cigarrillos electrónicos de nicotina demostraron una eficacia modesta, con tasas de abstinencia del 7,3% en comparación con el 5,8% para los parches de nicotina y el 4,1% para los cigarrillos electrónicos de placebo.
El estudio carecía de suficiente poder estadístico para confirmar la superioridad de los cigarrillos electrónicos sobre los parches o el placebo.
No se observaron diferencias significativas en los eventos adversos entre los grupos.

Conclusiones:

Los cigarrillos electrónicos, con o sin nicotina, fueron modestamente efectivos para dejar de fumar, comparables a los parches de nicotina, y asociados con pocos eventos adversos.
Es esencial realizar más investigaciones para aclarar los beneficios y daños de los cigarrillos electrónicos en el control del tabaco a nivel individual y poblacional.