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Suplementos de antioxidantes para prevenir la mortalidad y la enfermedad.

Goran Bjelakovic1, Dimitrinka Nikolova, Christian Gluud

  • 1The Cochrane Hepato-Biliary Group, Copenhagen Trial Unit, Centre for Clinical Intervention Research, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark. goranb@junis.ni.ac.rs

JAMA
|September 19, 2013
PubMed
Resumen

Los suplementos de antioxidantes no reducen la mortalidad por todas las causas. Algunos, como el betacaroteno y la vitamina E, pueden aumentar el riesgo de mortalidad, especialmente en dosis más altas.

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Ciencias de la Nutrición Ciencias de la Nutrición
  • Epidemiología La epidemiología.
  • Salud Pública La salud pública.

Sus antecedentes:

  • Los suplementos antioxidantes son ampliamente utilizados para los beneficios para la salud percibidos.
  • Investigaciones anteriores sobre su impacto en la mortalidad han dado resultados mixtos.
  • Comprender la asociación entre el uso de antioxidantes y la mortalidad por cualquier causa es crucial para las recomendaciones de salud pública.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Investigar la relación entre la ingesta de suplementos antioxidantes y la mortalidad por cualquier causa.
  • Para determinar si los suplementos antioxidantes específicos están relacionados con el aumento o la disminución de las tasas de mortalidad.

Principales métodos:

  • Revisión sistemática y metanálisis de los estudios observacionales relevantes.
  • La inclusión de estudios que examinan varios suplementos antioxidantes (por ejemplo, vitaminas A, C, E, betacaroteno, selenio, zinc).
  • Análisis de la mortalidad por todas las causas como resultado primario.

Principales resultados:

  • No se encontró una asociación significativa entre el uso de suplementos antioxidantes y una reducción en la mortalidad por todas las causas.
  • El betacaroteno, la vitamina E y los suplementos de vitamina A en dosis altas se asociaron potencialmente con un mayor riesgo de mortalidad por todas las causas.
  • La evidencia general sugiere una falta de beneficio y daño potencial de ciertos suplementos antioxidantes con respecto a la mortalidad.

Conclusiones:

  • La evidencia actual no apoya el uso de suplementos antioxidantes para reducir la mortalidad por cualquier causa.
  • Los suplementos antioxidantes específicos, incluidos el betacaroteno, la vitamina E y las dosis altas de vitamina A, pueden estar relacionados con un aumento de la mortalidad.
  • Se necesita más investigación, pero los hallazgos actuales aconsejan precaución con respecto al consumo generalizado de suplementos antioxidantes.