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Mechanisms of Heat Transfer II01:20

Mechanisms of Heat Transfer II

3.8K
In convection, thermal energy is carried by the large-scale flow of matter. Ocean currents and large-scale atmospheric circulation, which result from the buoyancy of warm air and water, transfer hot air from the tropics toward the poles and cold air from the poles toward the tropics. The Earth’s rotation interacts with those flows, causing the observed eastward flow of air in the temperate zones. Convection dominates heat transfer by air, and the amount of available space for the airflow...
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Mechanisms of Heat Transfer I01:14

Mechanisms of Heat Transfer I

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Just as interesting as the effects of heat transfer on a system are the methods by which the heat transfer occur. Whenever there is a temperature difference, heat transfer occurs. It may occur rapidly, such as through a cooking pan, or slowly, such as through the walls of a picnic ice box. So many processes involve heat transfer that it is hard to imagine a situation where no heat transfer occurs. Yet, every heat transfer takes place by only three methods: conduction, convection, and radiation.
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Mechanism of heat transfer01:19

Mechanism of heat transfer

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Understanding heat transfer mechanisms is essential for understanding how our bodies maintain balance in different environmental conditions. When the environment is thermoneutral, the body is in a state of balance, neither using nor releasing energy to maintain its core temperature. However, when the environment is not thermoneutral, the body employs four heat transfer mechanisms to maintain homeostasis: conduction, convection, evaporation, and radiation. These mechanisms facilitate heat...
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Mechanisms of Heat Transfer01:14

Mechanisms of Heat Transfer

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Heat transfer between the human body and its environment occurs through four main mechanisms: conduction, convection, radiation, and evaporation.
Conduction, accounting for approximately 3% of body heat loss at rest, is the process of exchanging heat between molecules of two materials in direct contact. This can result in both heat loss and gain. For instance, when the body is submerged in water, which conducts heat 20 times more effectively than air, it can either lose or gain significant...
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Specific Heat01:16

Specific Heat

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The specific heat capacity of a substance refers to the energy required to increase the temperature of one gram of that substance by one degree Celcius. Specific heat capacity is often represented in calories (cal), grams (g), and degrees Celsius (oC), but can also be expressed in joules (J), kilograms (kg), and Kelvin (K), among other units.
For example, increasing the temperature of one gram of water by 1°C requires one calorie of heat energy and can be written as 1 cal/g-°C, or...
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Radiation: Applications01:17

Radiation: Applications

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The average temperature of Earth is the subject of much current discussion. Earth is in radiative contact with both the Sun and dark space; it receives almost all its energy from the radiation of the Sun and reflects some of it into outer space. Dark space is very cold, about 3 K, so Earth radiates energy into it. For instance, heat transfer occurs from soil and grasses, the rate of which can be so rapid that frost can occur on clear summer evenings, even in warm latitudes.
The average...
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Simulation of Early Earth Hydrothermal Chimneys in a Thermal Gradient Environment
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Tubo térmico de la Tierra.

William B Moore1, A Alexander G Webb

  • 1Department of Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Hampton University, Hampton, Virginia 23668, USA. william.moore@hamptonu.edu

Nature
|September 27, 2013
PubMed
Resumen
Este resumen es generado por máquina.

Tierra temprana de la Tierra temprana.

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • La geodinámica es la geodinámica.
  • La Tierra Temprana Evolución de la evolución de la Tierra.
  • Ciencias planetarias Ciencias planetarias.

Sus antecedentes:

  • Los modelos actuales para el transporte de calor de la Tierra temprana y la dinámica litosférica (tectónica de placas, tectónica vertical) carecen de síntesis global con evidencia geológica.
  • Los modelos existentes no explican completamente la historia térmica y geológica temprana del planeta.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Para investigar el modelo de tubo de calor como un mecanismo dominante para el transporte de calor de la superficie de la Tierra temprana.
  • Para conciliar los procesos geodinámicos con el registro geológico de la Tierra primitiva.

Principales métodos:

  • Simulaciones numéricas del modelo de tubo de calor.
  • Comparación de resultados de simulación con el registro geológico de la Tierra primitiva.

Principales resultados:

  • Las simulaciones del modelo de tubo de calor predicen una litosfera fría y gruesa debido al extenso vulcanismo.
  • Los resultados del modelo se alinean con la evidencia geológica de un rápido resurgimiento volcánico y deformación contraccional.
  • Las simulaciones muestran una disminución en el vulcanismo del tubo de calor que precede al inicio de la tectónica de placas.

Conclusiones:

  • El modelo de la Tierra de tubo de calor proporciona un marco geodinámico coherente para la comprensión de la tectónica de la Tierra antes de la placa.
  • Este modelo explica la transición del dominio volcánico temprano a la tectónica de placas moderna.
  • Ofrece una explicación unificada para la dinámica litosférica y el transporte de calor de la Tierra primitiva.