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Interneuronas corticales que se especializan en el control desinhibidor.

Hyun-Jae Pi1, Balázs Hangya, Duda Kvitsiani

  • 1Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, 1 Bungtown Road, Cold Spring Harbor, New York 11724, USA.

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|October 8, 2013
PubMed
Resumen

Las interneuronas de polipéptido intestinal vasoactivo (VIP) en la corteza proporcionan desinhibición al suprimir otras neuronas inhibidoras. Su activación por señales de refuerzo mejora el procesamiento neuronal y las funciones computacionales.

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • La neurociencia es la neurociencia.
  • La neurociencia celular es la neurociencia celular.
  • La neurociencia computacional es una neurociencia computacional.

Sus antecedentes:

  • La corteza cerebral de los mamíferos utiliza diversos subtipos de interneuron para el control inhibidor.
  • La desinhibición, mediada por neuronas inhibidoras que suprimen otras neuronas inhibidoras, puede desempeñar un papel clave en la modulación de la entrada y la ganancia.
  • Las interneuronas específicas especializadas en la desinhibición y sus funciones in vivo siguen sin caracterizarse en gran medida.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Identificar y caracterizar las interneuronas que se especializan en el control desinhibidor dentro del neocórtex.
  • Para investigar la función in vivo de estas interneuronas desinhibidoras, en particular las neuronas que expresan el polipéptido intestinal vasoactivo (VIP).
  • Para dilucidar los mecanismos del circuito y la relevancia conductual de la desinhibición mediada por VIP.

Principales métodos:

  • La activación optogenética combinada con grabaciones de una sola célula en ratones despiertos.
  • Registros electrofisiológicos in vitro en la corteza prefrontal auditiva y medial.
  • Experimentos conductuales que involucran una tarea de discriminación auditiva.

Principales resultados:

  • Las interneuronas VIP fueron identificadas como mediadoras del control desinhibidor en múltiples áreas corticales.
  • Se reveló un módulo de circuito desinhibidor donde las neuronas VIP suprimen las interneuronas que expresan somatostatina y parvalbumina.
  • Las señales de refuerzo (recompensa / castigo) durante una tarea auditiva activaron fuertemente las neuronas VIP, aumentando la ganancia neuronal principal.

Conclusiones:

  • Las interneuronas VIP representan un tipo de célula distinto que media el control desinhibidor en la corteza.
  • Este circuito desinhibidor es reclutado dinámicamente por señales de refuerzo durante condiciones de comportamiento específicas.
  • La desinhibición mediada por VIP contribuye al procesamiento neuronal adaptativo y la computación en la corteza.