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Las influencias humanas en la eliminación de nitrógeno en los lagos

Jacques C Finlay¹, Gaston E Small, Robert W Sterner

¹Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA. jfinlay@umn.edu

Science (New York, N.Y.)

|October 12, 2013

Resumen

Las actividades humanas aumentan el nitrógeno en los ecosistemas. La disponibilidad de fósforo, un nutriente clave, afecta la eliminación de nitrógeno en los lagos, con cambios en la gestión que tienen consecuencias no deseadas.

Área de la Ciencia:

Ciencias del medio ambiente Ciencias del medio ambiente.
Ecología Ecología Ecología.
Limología Limología.

Sus antecedentes:

Las actividades humanas elevan el nitrógeno reactivo, lo que afecta negativamente a los ecosistemas, la salud y la calidad del agua.
Los sistemas de agua dulce son importantes sumideros de nitrógeno reactivo, pero los factores que influyen en la eficiencia de la eliminación de nitrógeno siguen sin estar claros.

Objetivo del estudio:

Para investigar la relación entre la disponibilidad de nutrientes y las tasas de eliminación de nitrógeno en los lagos de agua dulce.
Para entender cómo el fósforo influye en el ciclo del nitrógeno y la eficacia de la eliminación en los ecosistemas de los lagos.

Principales métodos:

Análisis de un conjunto de datos de un lago global.
Modelado estadístico para evaluar el impacto del fósforo en las tasas y la eficiencia de eliminación de nitrógeno.

Principales resultados:

La disponibilidad de fósforo afecta significativamente tanto a la tasa anual de eliminación de nitrógeno como a la eficiencia en los lagos.
El aumento de la entrada de fósforo ha estimulado los procesos de eliminación de nitrógeno en muchos lagos a nivel mundial.
Las reducciones en la disponibilidad de fósforo pueden conducir a la acumulación de nitrógeno y la exportación de los lagos.

Conclusiones:

El fósforo es un factor crítico que controla la eliminación de nitrógeno en los lagos de agua dulce.
El manejo de un solo nutriente (por ejemplo, la reducción de fósforo) puede tener consecuencias no deseadas para el ciclo del nitrógeno.
Las estrategias de gestión integrada que controlan las fuentes de nitrógeno y fósforo son esenciales para una gestión eficaz de los ecosistemas.

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