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Un cráneo completo de Dmanisi, Georgia, y la biología evolutiva del primer Homo
David Lordkipanidze1, Marcia S Ponce de León, Ann Margvelashvili
1Georgian National Museum, 3 Purtseladze Street, 0105 Tbilisi, Georgia.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|October 19, 2013
Resumen
Un nuevo cráneo fósil de Dmanisi, Georgia, revela que los primeros Homo tenían una variación significativa. Este hallazgo apoya un solo linaje evolutivo de Homo fuera de África hace 1,8 millones de años.
Área de la Ciencia:
- La paleoantropología es la paleoantropología.
- Evolución del ser humano Evolución del ser humano
- Arqueología del Pleistoceno Arqueología del Pleistoceno
Sus antecedentes:
- El yacimiento de Dmanisi en Georgia ha proporcionado fósiles de homínidos cruciales.
- Estos fósiles indican la presencia del Homo fuera de África hace aproximadamente 1,8 millones de años.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para informar sobre un cráneo de homínido adulto recién descubierto y completamente conservado (D4500 / D2600) del Pleistoceno temprano.
- Para analizar las características morfológicas de este nuevo espécimen y compararlo con los fósiles de Homo primitivos existentes.
Principales métodos:
- Excavación y recuperación de restos craneales y postcraneales de homínidos en el sitio de Dmanisi.
- Análisis morfológico detallado del nuevo cráneo (D4500) y mandíbula (D2600).
- Análisis comparativo con otros fósiles de Homo primitivos de África y Eurasia.
Principales resultados:
- La muestra de Dmanisi incluye un nuevo cráneo de homínido adulto (D4500/D2600), el primer cráneo completo del Pleistoceno temprano encontrado.
- Este cráneo exhibe una pequeña caja cerebral (546 cc) combinada con una cara grande y prognática.
- Las características morfológicas muestran fuertes similitudes con los primeros fósiles de Homo conocidos de África.
Conclusiones:
- La muestra de homínido de Dmanisi, ahora con cinco cráneos, demuestra una variación morfológica sustancial dentro de las primeras poblaciones de Homo.
- Esta variación sugiere un solo linaje evolutivo del Homo primitivo con una extensión geográfica continua a través de los continentes.
- Los hallazgos apoyan la hipótesis de un linaje unificado de Homo temprano en lugar de múltiples especies distintas.
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