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Asociación entre los síntomas del insomnio y la mortalidad: un estudio prospectivo de hombres estadounidenses
Yanping Li1, Xuehong Zhang, John W Winkelman
1Channing Division of Network Medicine (Y.L., X.Z., F.B.H., M.S., J.M., X.G.) and Division of Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine (J.W.W., S.R.), Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Departments of Nutrition (F.B.H., M.S., X.G.) and Epidemiology (F.B.H., M.S.), Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA.
Circulation
|November 15, 2013
Resumen
Los síntomas de insomnio como dificultad para iniciar el sueño y el sueño no reparador están relacionados con un riesgo de mortalidad ligeramente mayor en los hombres. Este estudio prospectivo pone de relieve las posibles implicaciones para la salud de los trastornos persistentes del sueño.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Gerontología Gerontología.
- Medicina del sueño Medicina del sueño.
- Epidemiología La epidemiología.
Sus antecedentes:
- El insomnio es frecuente en los adultos mayores y puede estar correlacionado con el riesgo de mortalidad, aunque la evidencia existente es inconsistente.
- Estudios previos sobre el insomnio y la mortalidad han dado resultados mixtos, lo que requiere una mayor investigación.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar prospectivamente la asociación entre los síntomas del insomnio y el riesgo de mortalidad en una gran cohorte de hombres estadounidenses.
- Para determinar si los síntomas específicos de insomnio, como la dificultad para iniciar o mantener el sueño, predicen un aumento de la mortalidad.
Principales métodos:
- Un estudio de cohorte prospectivo que involucró a 23,447 hombres estadounidenses del Estudio de Seguimiento de Profesionales de la Salud, libres de cáncer al inicio.
- Los datos sobre los síntomas de insomnio se recopilaron en 2004, con seguimiento hasta 2010 para identificar 2025 muertes.
- Se realizaron ajustes multivariables por edad, factores de estilo de vida y afecciones crónicas para evaluar el riesgo de mortalidad.
Principales resultados:
- La dificultad para iniciar el sueño se asoció con un aumento del 25% en el riesgo de mortalidad total (HR, 1,25; IC del 95%, 1,04-1,50).
- El sueño no reparador se relacionó con un aumento del 24% en el riesgo de mortalidad total (HR, 1.24; IC del 95%, 1.05-1.46).
- La dificultad para iniciar el sueño y el sueño no reparador también se asociaron con un mayor riesgo de mortalidad por enfermedad cardiovascular.
Conclusiones:
- Ciertos síntomas de insomnio, particularmente dificultad para iniciar el sueño y el sueño no reparador, se asocian con un riesgo ligeramente elevado de mortalidad.
- Estos hallazgos sugieren un vínculo entre trastornos específicos del sueño y los resultados de salud a largo plazo en los hombres.
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