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Videos de Conceptos Relacionados

X-ray Crystallography02:18

X-ray Crystallography

The size of the unit cell and the arrangement of atoms in a crystal may be determined from measurements of the diffraction of X-rays by the crystal, termed X-ray crystallography.
Diffraction
Diffraction is the change in the direction of travel experienced by an electromagnetic wave when it encounters a physical barrier whose dimensions are comparable to those of the wavelength of the light. X-rays are electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths about as long as the distance between neighboring...
Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes02:58

Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes

Crystal Field Theory
To explain the observed behavior of transition metal complexes (such as colors), a model involving electrostatic interactions between the electrons from the ligands and the electrons in the unhybridized d orbitals of the central metal atom has been developed. This electrostatic model is crystal field theory (CFT). It helps to understand, interpret, and predict the colors, magnetic behavior, and some structures of coordination compounds of transition metals.
CFT focuses on...
DNA as a Genetic Template02:05

DNA as a Genetic Template

Two structural features of the DNA molecule provide a basis for the mechanisms of heredity: the four nucleotide bases and its double-stranded nature. The Watson-Crick model of double-helical DNA structure, proposed in 1952, drew heavily upon the X-ray crystallography work of researchers Rosalind Franklin and Maurice Wilkins. Watson, Crick, and Wilkins jointly received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for their work in 1962. Franklin was, controversially, excluded from the prize for...
Crystal Growth: Principles of Crystallization01:25

Crystal Growth: Principles of Crystallization

Crystallization is a phase transformation process in which crystals are precipitated from a supersaturated solution or formed from other sources. During crystallization, atoms or molecules arrange themselves into a well-defined, rigid crystal lattice to minimize energy.
Initiating crystallization involves manipulating the concentration of the solute and the temperature of the solution. Since crystal growth occurs when the ratio of concentration and solubility of the solute in the solvent – the...
Cryo-electron Microscopy01:28

Cryo-electron Microscopy

Conventional electron microscopy (EM) involves dehydration, fixation, and staining of biological samples, which distorts the native state of biological molecules and results in several artifacts. Also, the high-energy electron beam damages the sample and makes it difficult to obtain high-resolution images. These issues can be addressed using cryo-EM, which uses frozen samples and gentler electron beams. The technique was developed by Jacques Dubochet, Joachim Frank, and Richard Henderson, for...
Nucleic Acid Structure01:25

Nucleic Acid Structure

The pentose sugar in DNA is deoxyribose, while in RNA the pentose sugar is ribose. The difference between the sugars is the presence of the hydroxyl group on the ribose's second carbon and a hydrogen on the deoxyribose's second carbon. The phosphate residue attaches to the hydroxyl group of the 5′ carbon of one sugar and the hydroxyl group of the 3′ carbon of the sugar of the next nucleotide, which forms  a 5′ to 3′ phosphodiester linkage.
DNA Structure
DNA has a double-helix structure. The...

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Video Experimental Relacionado

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Formulation of Diblock Polymeric Nanoparticles through Nanoprecipitation Technique
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La cristalización de nanopartículas mediada por el ADN en poliedros de Wulff.

Evelyn Auyeung1, Ting I N G Li1, Andrew J Senesi2

  • 11] Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA [2] International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA.

Nature
|November 29, 2013
PubMed
Resumen

La cristalización de nanopartículas guiada por ADN, utilizando un enfriamiento muy lento, produce estructuras cristalinas de equilibrio de Wulff predecibles. Este método imita la cristalización atómica, superando los desafíos en el control del hábito y la simetría de los cristales de nanopartículas.

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Ciencia de los materiales Ciencia de los materiales.
  • Nanotecnología La nanotecnología es la nanotecnología.
  • La biofísica es la biofísica.

Sus antecedentes:

  • La predicción de la cristalización molecular es compleja debido a las interacciones moleculares y los efectos del disolvente.
  • La cristalización de nanopartículas a menudo se basa en técnicas de secado y sedimentación incontroladas.
  • El ensamblaje mediado por ADN ofrece una ruta potencial para la cristalización controlada de nanopartículas.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Para investigar la cristalización de nanopartículas guiada por ADN para la formación de cristales predecibles.
  • Para determinar si el ensamblaje dirigido por ADN puede lograr estructuras cristalinas de equilibrio.
  • Establecer un método para controlar el hábito y la simetría de los cristales de nanopartículas.

Principales métodos:

  • Utilizando nanopartículas complementarias modificadas por el ADN.
  • Implementando un proceso de enfriamiento muy lento (varios días) a través de la temperatura de fusión del sistema.
  • Analizar ensamblajes de nanopartículas utilizando predicciones teóricas y simulaciones de dinámica molecular.

Principales resultados:

  • Logrado hábito cristalino específico y uniforme en ensamblajes de nanopartículas.
  • Estructuras cristalinas de equilibrio de Wulff observadas, alineadas con las predicciones teóricas.
  • Demostró que la hibridación del ADN puede dirigir el ensamblaje de nanopartículas imitando la cristalización atómica.

Conclusiones:

  • El enfriamiento muy lento de las nanopartículas modificadas por el ADN conduce a cristales termodinámicamente estables.
  • El ensamblaje guiado por ADN proporciona una vía controlable para la cristalización de nanopartículas.
  • Este enfoque ofrece una ruta para diseñar las estructuras cristalinas deseadas en nanomateriales.