Video Experimental Relacionado
Updated: May 5, 2026
12:30
High-pressure, High-temperature Deformation Experiment Using the New Generation Griggs-type Apparatus
Published on: April 3, 2018
21.3K
Baja tensión cosismica de corte en el megatrust Tohoku-Oki determinada a partir de experimentos de laboratorio
Kohtaro Ujiie1, Hanae Tanaka, Tsubasa Saito
1Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|December 7, 2013
Resumen
El terremoto de Tohoku-Oki de 2011 mostró un gran deslizamiento de poca profundidad, que antes se pensaba que era poco probable. Los experimentos revelaron abundante arcilla y la presurización térmica explican este movimiento de falla masiva y el posterior tsunami.
Área de la Ciencia:
- La geofísica es la geofísica.
- Sismología Sismología.
- La tectónica es la tectónica.
Sus antecedentes:
- No se esperaba que los empujes superficiales de los límites de las placas produjeran un gran deslizamiento coseísmico.
- El terremoto de Tohoku-Oki de 2011 (Mw = 9.0) generó desplazamientos de ~ 50 metros cerca de la Fosa del Japón, causando un tsunami devastador.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar los mecanismos detrás de los movimientos de falla excepcionalmente grandes observados durante el terremoto de Tohoku-Oki.
- Determinar los factores que contribuyen a un deslizamiento de poca profundidad significativo en los empujes del límite de la placa.
Principales métodos:
- Se realizaron experimentos de fricción a alta velocidad (1,3 m/s).
- Muestras de roca utilizadas recuperadas del empuje del límite de la placa responsable del terremoto de Tohoku-Oki.
Principales resultados:
- Se observó una pequeña caída de la tensión durante los experimentos de fricción.
- Se midió un pico muy bajo y una tensión de cizallamiento en estado estacionario.
- Se identificó una abundancia de arcilla débil (smectita) y efectos de presurización térmica.
Conclusiones:
- La abundante arcilla de esmectita y la presurización térmica facilitan el deslizamiento de fallas.
- Estos factores explican el gran deslizamiento superficial durante el terremoto de Tohoku-Oki de 2011.
- Proporciona un mecanismo para desplazamientos masivos en fallas de empuje poco profundas.
Videos de Conceptos Relacionados
01:20Elastic Strain Energy for Shearing Stresses
668
As discussed in previous lessons, strain energy in a material is the energy stored when it is elastically deformed, a concept crucial in materials science and mechanical engineering. This energy results from the internal work done against the cohesive forces within the material. When a material undergoes shearing stress and corresponding shearing strain, the strain energy density, which is the energy stored per unit volume, is calculated. Within the elastic limit, where the stress is...
668
01:20Shearing Strain
1.9K
The shearing strain represents a cubic element's angular change when subjected to shearing stress. This type of stress can transform a cube into an oblique parallelepiped without influencing normal strains. The cubic element experiences a significant transformation when exposed solely to shearing stress. Its shape alters from a perfect cube into a rhomboid, clearly demonstrating the effect of shearing strain. The degree of this strain is considered positive if it reduces the angle between the...
1.9K
01:18Shearing Stress
2.5K
Shearing stress, denoted by the Greek letter tau (τ), is stress caused by forces acting transversely on an object. These forces create internal ones within the entity in the plane where the external forces are applied. The resultant of these internal forces is the shear in the section.
The average shearing stress can be calculated by dividing the shear by the area of the cross-section.
The average shearing stress can be calculated by dividing the shear by the area of the cross-section.
2.5K
01:19Normal Stress
1.5K
Normal stress is a type of stress that occurs when forces act perpendicular, or normal, to a material's cross-sectional area. This stress often arises in structures when subjected to axial loading, which is the application of force along the axis of an object. A practical example of this can be found in bridge truss members.
When a rod is under axial loading, the internal forces and corresponding stress are normal to the plane of the section, so it is termed normal stress. It's important to...
When a rod is under axial loading, the internal forces and corresponding stress are normal to the plane of the section, so it is termed normal stress. It's important to...
1.5K
01:22Elastic Strain Energy for Normal Stresses
726
Strain energy quantifies the energy stored within a material due to deformation under loading conditions, a fundamental concept in materials science and engineering. The strain energy can be modeled when a material is subjected to axial loading with uniformly distributed stress. In this scenario, the stress experienced by the material is the internal force divided by the cross-sectional area, and the strain induced is directly proportional to this stress through the modulus of elasticity.
If...
If...
726
01:15Relation between Poisson's ratio, Modulus of Elasticity and Modulus of Rigidity
824
Deformation occurs in axial and transverse directions when an axial load is applied to a slender bar. This deformation impacts the cubic element within the bar, transforming it into either a rectangular parallelepiped or a rhombus, contingent on its orientation. This transformation process induces shearing strain. Axial loading elicits both shearing and normal strains. Applying an axial load instigates equal normal and shearing stresses on elements oriented at a 45° angle to the load axis.
824