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Assessing Dyslexia at Six Year of Age

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Representaciones fonéticas intactas pero menos accesibles en adultos con dislexia

Bart Boets¹, Hans P Op de Beeck, Maaike Vandermosten

¹Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.

Science (New York, N.Y.)

|December 7, 2013

Resumen

Los adultos con dislexia tienen representaciones fonéticas intactas en la corteza auditiva. Sin embargo, sus dificultades de lectura y ortografía provienen de una conectividad deteriorada entre las regiones auditivas y frontales del cerebro, lo que dificulta el acceso a estas representaciones de sonidos del habla.

Área de la Ciencia:

La neurociencia es la neurociencia.
Ciencias Cognitivas Ciencias Cognitivas.
La lingüística es la lingüística de las lenguas.

Sus antecedentes:

La dislexia es un trastorno persistente de lectura y ortografía relacionado con déficits fonológicos.
La causa subyacente mala calidad de representación fonética versus acceso deteriorado sigue siendo objeto de debate.

Objetivo del estudio:

Para investigar la base neural de los déficits fonológicos en la dislexia.
Para diferenciar entre la integridad de la representación fonética y la eficiencia de acceso.

Principales métodos:

Utilizó imágenes de resonancia magnética funcional (fMRI) con análisis de patrones multivoxel.
Análisis de conectividad funcional y estructural empleados.

Principales resultados:

Las representaciones fonéticas están localizadas bilateralmente en la corteza auditiva con calidad neural intacta en adultos disléxicos.
Se observó una conectividad funcional y estructural significativamente obstaculizada entre el giro auditivo y el giro frontal inferior izquierdo en disléxicos.

Conclusiones:

La dislexia se caracteriza por un acceso deficiente a representaciones fonéticas intactas, no por representaciones degradadas en sí mismas.
La conectividad deteriorada con el giro frontal inferior izquierdo subyace a las dificultades de procesamiento fonológico en la dislexia.

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