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The gut–brain axis is a bidirectional communication system that connects the gastrointestinal tract and the brain. This interaction is mediated through multiple pathways, including the vagus nerve, hormonal signals, immune responses, and chemical messengers produced by gut microbes.Microbial Contributions to Brain FunctionGut microbiota contributes significantly to brain function by producing neuroactive compounds. These include neuroactive compounds that influence neurotransmitters such...
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The gut microbiota includes trillions of microorganisms that colonize the human gastrointestinal tract, including bacteria, archaea, viruses, and fungi. This complex ecosystem plays a critical role in maintaining intestinal and systemic health. Most of these microbes inhabit the large intestine, establishing a relatively stable and diverse community that contributes to gut homeostasis through various metabolic, immunological, and protective mechanisms.Dominant bacterial phyla, such as...
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La microbiota modula las anomalías conductuales y fisiológicas asociadas con los trastornos del desarrollo

Elaine Y Hsiao1, Sara W McBride2, Sophia Hsien2

  • 1Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA; Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.

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Resumen

Este estudio muestra que las bacterias intestinales influyen en la función cerebral en un modelo de ratón de trastorno del espectro autista (TEA). El tratamiento de ratones con Bacteroides fragilis mejoró la salud intestinal y redujo los comportamientos similares a los ASD, lo que sugiere una potencial terapia probiótica.

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • La neurociencia es la neurociencia.
  • Microbiología Microbiología.
  • Gastroenterología y Gastroenterología.

Sus antecedentes:

  • Los trastornos del desarrollo neurológico, como el trastorno del espectro autista (TEA), se caracterizan por alteraciones del comportamiento.
  • Las anomalías gastrointestinales (GI) se observan con frecuencia en personas con TEA.
  • El modelo de ratón de activación inmune materna (MIA, por sus siglas en inglés) exhibe características de TEA y problemas gastrointestinales.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Para investigar el eje intestino-microbioma-cerebro en el modelo de ratón MIA de ASD.
  • Evaluar el potencial terapéutico de Bacteroides fragilis para las anomalías gastrointestinales y del comportamiento en este modelo.

Principales métodos:

  • Utilizó el modelo de ratón MIA exhibiendo características similares a ASD.
  • Se administra por vía oral Bacteroides fragilis a la descendencia de MIA.
  • Se evaluó la función de la barrera GI, la composición de la microbiota intestinal, la metabolomía sérica y los fenotipos conductuales.

Principales resultados:

  • Los ratones MIA mostraron defectos en la barrera gastrointestinal y microbiota intestinal alterada.
  • El tratamiento de Bacteroides fragilis corrigió la permeabilidad intestinal y moduló la composición microbiana.
  • La administración de B. fragilis mejoró los comportamientos comunicativos, estereotipados, similares a la ansiedad y sensorimotores en la descendencia de MIA.
  • El análisis metabolómico reveló alteraciones inducidas por MIA moduladas por B. fragilis, con un metabolito vinculado a cambios de comportamiento.

Conclusiones:

  • Los hallazgos apoyan una conexión intestinal-microbioma-cerebro en un modelo de ratón con TEA.
  • Bacteroides fragilis demuestra potencial como terapia probiótica para los síntomas gastrointestinales y conductuales en trastornos del desarrollo neurológico.