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Vapor de agua transitorio en el polo sur de Europa
Lorenz Roth1, Joachim Saur, Kurt D Retherford
1Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|December 17, 2013
Resumen
Las observaciones del Hubble detectaron columnas de vapor de agua en Europa en diciembre de 2012. Esta actividad, vinculada a las fases orbitales, sugiere un comportamiento variable del penacho influenciado por las tensiones de las mareas.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Ciencias planetarias Ciencias planetarias.
- Astrobiología Astrobiología.
- Exploración del espacio Exploración espacial
Sus antecedentes:
- Europa, la luna de Júpiter, es un objetivo principal en la búsqueda de vida extraterrestre debido a su océano subterráneo.
- Observaciones anteriores han insinuado columnas de vapor de agua, pero la evidencia definitiva ha sido difícil de alcanzar.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para investigar el potencial de Europa para la actividad de pluma de vapor de agua utilizando emisiones ultravioletas.
- Para determinar las características y la variabilidad de cualquier penacho detectado.
Principales métodos:
- Utilizó el Telescopio Espacial Hubble (HST) para obtener imágenes de las emisiones ultravioletas de Europa en noviembre y diciembre de 2012.
- Se analizaron las emisiones de 130,4 nanómetros de hidrógeno Lyman-α y oxígeno OI para detectar signos de actividad de pluma.
Principales resultados:
- Se detectaron superávit estadísticamente significativos de las emisiones de hidrógeno y oxígeno por encima del hemisferio sur de Europa en diciembre de 2012.
- Estas emisiones persistieron durante 7 horas, consistentes con dos columnas de vapor de agua de 200 km de altura.
- No se detectó actividad de penachos en noviembre de 2012 ni en imágenes anteriores del HST de 1999.
Conclusiones:
- Europa exhibe una actividad variable de columna de vapor de agua, potencialmente relacionada con su posición orbital y las tensiones de marea.
- Los hallazgos apoyan los modelos que predicen la presencia de penachos cerca del apocentro y la ausencia cerca del pericentro.
- Esta investigación mejora nuestra comprensión del entorno dinámico de Europa y su potencial habitabilidad.
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