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Las nubes en la atmósfera del exoplaneta super-Tierra GJ 1214b
Laura Kreidberg1, Jacob L Bean1, Jean-Michel Désert2
1Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA.
Nature
|January 2, 2014
Resumen
Los exoplanetas súper-Tierra son comunes, pero sus atmósferas siguen siendo un misterio. Los nuevos datos del Hubble revelan GJ 1214bb.
Área de la Ciencia:
- La ciencia exoplanetaria es la ciencia de los exoplanetas.
- Caracterización de la atmósfera.
- Planetología comparada y planetología comparada.
Sus antecedentes:
- Las súper-Tierras, planetas entre la Tierra y Neptuno en tamaño, son los exoplanetas más comunes.
- Comprender las atmósferas de las súper-Tierras es crucial para comprender esta clase planetaria predominante.
- Estudios previos de la atmósfera de GJ 1214b fueron inconclusos, incapaces de diferenciar entre una composición rica en agua y nubes de gran altitud.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para caracterizar definitivamente la atmósfera de la súper Tierra GJ 1214b.
- Para resolver la ambigüedad entre una atmósfera dominada por moléculas pesadas y una atmósfera oscurecida por nubes.
- Para restringir los modelos de composición atmosférica para las súper-Tierras.
Principales métodos:
- Utilizó el Telescopio Espacial Hubble para observaciones espectroscópicas de transmisión de GJ 1214b.
- Recopila datos en longitudes de onda del infrarrojo cercano para lograr una alta precisión.
- Se analizó el espectro de transmisión para buscar características de absorción indicativas de la composición atmosférica.
Principales resultados:
- El espectro de transmisión obtenido de GJ 1214b no tenía características.
- Los datos de alta precisión descartaron los modelos atmosféricos libres de nubes con composiciones de agua, metano, monóxido de carbono, nitrógeno o dióxido de carbono (a >5σ de confianza).
- El espectro observado es inconsistente con una atmósfera clara dominada por moléculas pesadas comunes.
Conclusiones:
- La atmósfera de GJ 1214b debe contener nubes.
- La presencia de nubes es necesaria para explicar el espectro de transmisión del infrarrojo cercano sin características.
- Este hallazgo tiene implicaciones significativas para la comprensión de las propiedades atmosféricas de los exoplanetas superterrestres comunes.
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